Etienne Y, Nembrini P G
Medical Division, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva.
Soz Praventivmed. 1995;40(1):18-26. doi: 10.1007/BF01615658.
In armed conflicts, health and technical assessments made before initiating emergency water and sanitation programmes are hardly ever complete and accurate. Obstacles and constraints inherent in the initial assessment phase have an inevitable impact on the selection and ranking of priorities. The emergency phase of a programme calls for short-term objectives: the first activities are already under way as problem identification proceeds. Frequently updated assessments are an integral component of ongoing programmes, so as to ensure continuous readjustment of short-, medium- and long-term objectives and an appropriate response to needs. In this article, as an example, we describe the various stages in assessing water and sanitation problems, first in Baghdad and then in southern and northern Iraq, between February and May 1991. Our aim is to explain the background that led to the implementation of the programme in the Iraqi capital and the provinces.
在武装冲突中，启动应急供水和卫生方案之前所做的健康和技术评估几乎从未完整且准确过。初始评估阶段固有的障碍和限制对优先事项的选择和排序产生了不可避免的影响。方案的应急阶段需要短期目标：随着问题识别的推进，首批活动已经在开展。不断更新评估是正在进行的方案的一个组成部分，以便确保对短期、中期和长期目标进行持续调整，并对需求做出适当回应。在本文中，我们以1991年2月至5月间在巴格达以及伊拉克南部和北部评估供水和卫生问题的各个阶段为例进行描述。我们的目的是解释在伊拉克首都和各省实施该方案的背景。
