Jorens P G, Schepens P J
Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 1993 Nov;12(6):479-95. doi: 10.1177/096032719301200605.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was, and still is, one of the most frequently used fungicides and pesticides. Its toxicity is due to interference with oxidative phosphorylation. Acute and chronic poisoning may occur by dermal absorption, inhalation or ingestion. Chronic poisoning occurs mainly in sawmill workers or people living in log homes treated with PCP-containing wood protecting formulations. Quantitative determination of PCP in urine and serum is useful to detect occupational or subclinical exposure. The clinical features of acute and chronic PCP poisoning can be classified systematically into effects on the skin, metabolism (fever), the haematopoietic tissue, the respiratory system, the central and peripheral nervous system, the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract. Although PCP is not classified as a human carcinogen, some epidemiological observations suggest that exposure to chlorophenols in general and PCP solutions in particular may result in an increased risk for certain malignant disorders such as nasal carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma. There is concern that contamination of PCP-solutions with products such as chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins is the real cause of this suspected carcinogenicity. No specific antidote exists for the treatment of (acute) PCP poisoning. The basis of the treatment of acute poisoning is intensive supportive care with prevention of dangerous rise in temperature. Use of PCP-based products as indoor wood preservatives poses an unacceptable risk to human health.
五氯苯酚（PCP）过去是且现在仍然是最常用的杀菌剂和杀虫剂之一。其毒性源于对氧化磷酸化的干扰。急性和慢性中毒可通过皮肤吸收、吸入或摄入发生。慢性中毒主要发生在锯木厂工人或居住在用含PCP的木材保护制剂处理过的木屋中的人群中。尿液和血清中PCP的定量测定有助于检测职业性或亚临床暴露。急性和慢性PCP中毒的临床特征可系统地分为对皮肤、代谢（发热）、造血组织、呼吸系统、中枢和周围神经系统、肾脏以及胃肠道的影响。尽管PCP未被归类为人类致癌物，但一些流行病学观察表明，一般接触氯酚尤其是接触PCP溶液可能会增加患某些恶性疾病如鼻癌和软组织肉瘤的风险。人们担心PCP溶液被氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英等产品污染是这种疑似致癌性的真正原因。目前尚无治疗（急性）PCP中毒的特效解毒剂。急性中毒的治疗基础是强化支持治疗并预防体温危险升高。将基于PCP的产品用作室内木材防腐剂对人类健康构成不可接受的风险。
