Misawa S
Department of Legal Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
Rinsho Byori. 1994 Jun;42(6):636-42.
Recent recombinant DNA technology has provided some novel and powerful methods for forensic science application. Human genomic DNA can be analyzed directly for individual identification and paternity testing on the basis of variations in its sequence. The analysis of DNA isolated from forensic biological evidence provides valuable information relating to the identification of the source of the sample. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) testing, using a combination of single locus probe (SLP) that vary highly among individuals, produces a DNA fingerprint or profile. The PCR method using STR (microsatellite) and mitochondrial DNA analysis (mtDNA) is suitable for examination of the forensic biological samples (bloodstains, hairs, seminal stains, bones, tooth). For sex identification of bloodstains, bleached skeletons and teeth, Southern blot hybridization with Y-chromosome specific probe (pHY10; 3.4 kb) and PCR amplifying with sex chromosome specific fragments, can be used. Mitochondrial DNA RFLPs and 9-bp deletion type of mtDNA may suggest the characteristics of the human races. For the purpose of resolving the genetic basis of human uniqueness, we reported the isolation of human-specific sequences using the technique of genome subtraction (HS5, 2282 bp).
最近，重组DNA技术为法医学应用提供了一些新颖且强大的方法。人类基因组DNA可基于其序列变异直接进行个体识别和亲子鉴定分析。对从法医物证中分离出的DNA进行分析，可提供与样本来源识别相关的有价值信息。限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）检测使用个体间差异极大的单基因座探针（SLP）组合，可产生DNA指纹或图谱。使用短串联重复序列（STR，微卫星）的聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法和线粒体DNA分析（mtDNA）适用于法医生物样本（血迹、毛发、精液斑、骨骼、牙齿）的检验。对于血迹、漂白骨骼和牙齿的性别鉴定，可使用与Y染色体特异性探针（pHY10；3.4 kb）的Southern印迹杂交以及用性染色体特异性片段进行PCR扩增。线粒体DNA RFLP和mtDNA的9碱基缺失类型可能提示人类种族特征。为了解决人类独特性的遗传基础问题，我们报道了使用基因组扣除技术（HS5，2282 bp）分离人类特异性序列的情况。
