Conant M A
Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Sep;31(3 Pt 2):S47-50. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81267-4.
The nature of the clinical presentation of HIV infection continues to evolve over time. New cutaneous (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis, onychomycosis, and tinea pedis) and systemic (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium marneffei) opportunistic fungal infections can now be added to the classic clinical markers for progressive HIV infection, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium intercellulare infections, and cryptococcal meningitis. The fact that the appearance of many of these fungal diseases is directly correlated with the patient's CD4 cell count is a valuable tool for ongoing clinical evaluation. Although systemic manifestations characterize a progression from asymptomatic HIV infection to AIDS, many of the signs of disease progression are cutaneous. Prophylaxis against many of the potentially life-threatening systemic opportunistic infections associated with HIV positivity has had a positive impact on the life expectancy of patients with AIDS.
随着时间的推移，HIV感染的临床表现性质不断演变。新出现的皮肤（如脂溢性皮炎、甲癣和足癣）和全身性（如烟曲霉和马尔尼菲青霉）机会性真菌感染，现在可以添加到进行性HIV感染的经典临床标志物中，如卡波西肉瘤、卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎、鸟分枝杆菌细胞内感染和隐球菌性脑膜炎。许多这些真菌疾病的出现与患者的CD4细胞计数直接相关，这一事实是持续临床评估的宝贵工具。虽然全身表现是从无症状HIV感染进展到艾滋病的特征，但许多疾病进展的迹象是皮肤性的。针对许多与HIV阳性相关的潜在危及生命的全身性机会性感染进行预防，对艾滋病患者的预期寿命产生了积极影响。
