O'Garra A, Murphy K
DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto.
Curr Opin Immunol. 1994 Jun;6(3):458-66. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(94)90128-7.
Early events in an immune response stimulate the production of cytokines that direct the subsequent development of T-helper (Th) subsets with discrete patterns of cytokine production. These events are dictated by the type of antigen/microorganism administered to a host, as well as dose and route of immunization. Bacterial stimuli activate macrophages of the innate immune response to produce IL-12 and drive Th1 development and cell-mediated immunity. Conversely, production of IL-4 early in an immune response favors a Th2 or allergic/humoral immune response. The ability of IL-4 and IL-10 to inhibit Th1 development and effector function, as well as the requirement of committed Th1 cells for co-stimulators to induce maximal IFN-gamma production, suggests that cell-mediated immunity is under strict control, probably to achieve immunity with minimum immunopathology.
免疫反应的早期事件会刺激细胞因子的产生，这些细胞因子会指导具有离散细胞因子产生模式的辅助性T细胞（Th）亚群的后续发育。这些事件由给予宿主的抗原/微生物类型以及免疫剂量和途径决定。细菌刺激激活先天性免疫反应的巨噬细胞以产生IL-12并驱动Th1发育和细胞介导的免疫。相反，免疫反应早期IL-4的产生有利于Th2或过敏性/体液免疫反应。IL-4和IL-10抑制Th1发育和效应器功能的能力，以及成熟的Th1细胞对共刺激分子诱导最大IFN-γ产生的需求，表明细胞介导的免疫受到严格控制，这可能是为了以最小的免疫病理学实现免疫。
