Faggella A M, Aronsohn M G
Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston 02130.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Jul 15;205(2):308-14.
Ninety-nine 6- to 14-week-old pups were given anesthetic agents according to 10 anesthetic protocols. Mean quality rating scores were determined to compare anesthetic protocols. In male pups, IV administration of propofol (6.5 mg/kg of body weight) 15 minutes after IM administration of atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and oxymorphone (0.22 mg/kg) provided the best quality anesthesia. Intramuscular administration of midazolam (0.22 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.44 mg/kg) instead of oxymorphone provided little sedation, but induced good analgesia. Atropine/oxymorphone/midazolam/xylazine, atropine/butorphanol/midazolam/xylazine, and tiletamine/zolazepam were unsatisfactory combinations for use in castration of 6- to 14-week-old male pups. In female pups, IV administration of propofol (3.4 mg/kg) 15 minutes after IM administration of atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and oxymorphone (0.11 mg/kg) was the most effective anesthetic protocol. Administration of the drugs according to this protocol enabled a pup to be intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. If inhalational induction was preferred, IM administration of 13.2 mg of tiletamine/zolazepam/kg, 0.04 mg of atropine/kg and 0.11 mg of oxymorphone/kg, or 0.22 mg of midazolam/kg and 0.44 mg of butorphanol/kg may be used prior to mask delivery of inhalational anesthetics. In female pups, it was not advantageous to combine midazolam with oxymorphone, and use of high dosages of oxymorphone (0.22 mg/kg) or midazolam/butorphanol provided little sedation. Time of recovery after use of tiletamine/zolazepam was the longest for the combinations used, but did not adversely affect pups. Male pups were castrated via scrotal incisions, using hemostatic clips. Ovariohysterectomies were performed via a ventral abdominal midline approach, using hemostatic clips for ligation, five females developed signs of inflammation at the surgical site within 1 to 2 weeks after surgical, and were treated conservatively with warm compresses.
根据10种麻醉方案，给99只6至14周龄的幼犬使用麻醉剂。通过测定平均质量评分来比较麻醉方案。对于雄性幼犬，在肌内注射阿托品（0.04mg/kg）和羟吗啡酮（0.22mg/kg）15分钟后静脉注射丙泊酚（6.5mg/kg体重）可提供最佳质量的麻醉。用咪达唑仑（0.22mg/kg）和布托啡诺（0.44mg/kg）肌内注射代替羟吗啡酮几乎没有镇静作用，但能产生良好的镇痛效果。阿托品/羟吗啡酮/咪达唑仑/赛拉嗪、阿托品/布托啡诺/咪达唑仑/赛拉嗪以及替来他明/唑拉西泮是用于6至14周龄雄性幼犬去势的不理想组合。对于雌性幼犬，在肌内注射阿托品（0.04mg/kg）和羟吗啡酮（0.11mg/kg）15分钟后静脉注射丙泊酚（3.4mg/kg）是最有效的麻醉方案。按照该方案给药能使幼犬进行气管插管。用异氟烷在氧气中维持麻醉。如果更喜欢吸入诱导，在面罩给予吸入麻醉剂之前，可肌内注射13.2mg/kg的替来他明/唑拉西泮、0.04mg/kg的阿托品和0.11mg/kg的羟吗啡酮，或0.22mg/kg的咪达唑仑和0.44mg/kg的布托啡诺。对于雌性幼犬，将咪达唑仑与羟吗啡酮联合使用并无优势，且使用高剂量的羟吗啡酮（0.22mg/kg）或咪达唑仑/布托啡诺几乎没有镇静作用。使用替来他明/唑拉西泮后恢复时间是所用组合中最长的，但对幼犬没有不良影响。雄性幼犬通过阴囊切口使用止血夹进行去势。卵巢子宫切除术通过腹中线切口进行，使用止血夹进行结扎，5只雌性幼犬在手术后1至2周内在手术部位出现炎症迹象，并采用热敷进行保守治疗。
