Carroll G L, Hartsfield S M, Hambleton R
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine. Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4474, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 Sep 1;211(5):593-7.
To evaluate anesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ), alone or in combination with butorphanol, in goats undergoing laparotomy for embryo collection.
Randomized clinical trial with crossover design.
9 adult female goats.
Goats were anesthetized twice: once with TZ (5.5 mg/kg [2.5 mg/lb] of body weight, i.v.) and once with tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], i.v.). Additional doses of TZ (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg [0.23 to 0.45 mg/lb], i.v.] were administered as needed to maintain a surgical anesthetic plane. Time to sternal recumbency was recorded, and quality of induction was scored. Arterial pressures, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were recorded every 5 minutes; arterial blood samples were collected every 30 minutes. Oxygen was insufflated if estimated saturation of hemoglobin in peripheral arterial blood with oxygen was < 90%; intermittent positive-pressure ventilation was performed if goats became apneic. Muscle relaxation, quality of anesthesia, and eye signs were scored every 15 minutes during anesthesia. Anesthesia time was recorded, and quality of recovery and degree of postoperative analgesia were scored. Plasma cortiso concentration was measured before induction, immediately after extubation, and 2 hours after extubation.
Induction was rapid and smooth. Five goats regurgitated, 3 required supplemental oxygen, and 1 required intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, but none of the goats became hypotensive. Muscle relaxation and quality of anesthesia were adequate. Goats recovered from anesthesia without complications. We did not detect any significant differences between anesthetic regimens for any of the variables measured, except bicarbonate concentration and base excess.
TZ at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg was satisfactory for anesthetic induction in goats; additional doses can be given to extend anesthesia time, but addition of butorphanol at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg to this regimen does not seem to provide any measurable benefit. An oxygen source and a means of assisting ventilation should be available.
评估替来他明-唑拉西泮（TZ）单独使用或与布托啡诺联合使用对接受剖腹取胚手术山羊的麻醉效果。
采用交叉设计的随机临床试验。
9只成年雌性山羊。
山羊接受两次麻醉：一次用TZ（静脉注射，5.5毫克/千克[2.5毫克/磅]体重），一次用替来他明-唑拉西泮和布托啡诺（静脉注射，0.1毫克/千克[0.045毫克/磅]）。根据需要额外静脉注射TZ（0.5至1.0毫克/千克[0.23至0.45毫克/磅]）以维持手术麻醉平面。记录达到胸骨卧位的时间，并对诱导质量进行评分。每5分钟记录动脉压、心率、呼吸频率和直肠温度；每30分钟采集动脉血样本。如果估计外周动脉血氧血红蛋白饱和度<90%，则进行氧气吹入；如果山羊出现呼吸暂停，则进行间歇性正压通气。麻醉期间每15分钟对肌肉松弛、麻醉质量和眼部体征进行评分。记录麻醉时间，并对恢复质量和术后镇痛程度进行评分。在诱导前、拔管后立即和拔管后2小时测量血浆皮质醇浓度。
诱导迅速且平稳。5只山羊出现反流，3只需要补充氧气，1只需要间歇性正压通气，但没有一只山羊出现低血压。肌肉松弛和麻醉质量良好。山羊麻醉恢复无并发症。除碳酸氢盐浓度和碱剩余外，我们未检测到所测量的任何变量在麻醉方案之间存在任何显著差异。
5.5毫克/千克剂量的TZ对山羊麻醉诱导效果满意；可额外给药以延长麻醉时间，但在此方案中添加0.1毫克/千克剂量的布托啡诺似乎没有任何可测量的益处。应备有氧气源和辅助通气手段。
