Brennan P A, Mednick S A
Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-1061.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Aug;103(3):430-40. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.103.3.430.
Data on punishment and criminal arrests in a total birth cohort of men in Denmark (N = 28,879) was used to test the following hypotheses derived from learning theory: (a) the imposition of sanctions reduces rates of subsequent criminal arrest; (b) the more severe the sanction received for an arrest, the lower the rate of recidivism; (c) different types of sanctions have similar effects on recidivism; (d) the higher the proportion of sanctions received for past arrests, the lower the rates of future arrest; (e) continuous sanctions reduce arrest rates more than intermittent sanctions; and (f) discontinuation of punishment results in recovery of criminal arrests. Results support the above hypotheses, except Hypothesis b; our results suggest that sanctions have similar effects on recidivism regardless of their severity.
丹麦男性全出生队列（N = 28,879）中关于惩罚和刑事逮捕的数据被用于检验从学习理论得出的以下假设：（a）实施制裁会降低后续刑事逮捕率；（b）因一次逮捕所受到的制裁越严厉，累犯率越低；（c）不同类型的制裁对累犯有相似影响；（d）过去逮捕所受到制裁的比例越高，未来逮捕率越低；（e）持续制裁比间歇性制裁更能降低逮捕率；以及（f）停止惩罚会导致刑事逮捕率回升。结果支持上述假设，但假设b除外；我们的结果表明，制裁无论严厉程度如何，对累犯都有相似影响。
