Aprea C, Sciarra G, Sartorelli P, Ceccarelli F, Maiorano M, Savelli G
Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Siena.
Med Lav. 1994 May-Jun;85(3):242-8.
Sprayers and workers engaged in manual operations in a greenhouse were monitored for exposure to omethoate and fenitrothion. Urinary dialkyl phosphates (dimethyl thiophosphate and dimethyl phosphate) were used as biological index of exposure to the two chemicals. Residues of fenitrothion on foliage were measured as well as levels of fenitrothion and omethoate in air samples collected in the breathing zone (personal sampling) and in the work-place near the entrance and the end of the greenhouse (static sampling). Skin exposure was estimated from pads placed on the thorax under overalls and from hand washing liquid at the end of the workshift. Sprayers wore respiratory and skin protection during the workshift. Workers engaged in manual operations did not wear respiratory protection. Re-entry to the greenhouse was permitted 48 h after spraying. Levels of omethoate and fenitrothion in air samples, on pads and on the hands, during manual operations on ornamental plants, were very low. Urine analysis shoved no significant difference between the pre- and post-exposure samples. No significant difference was found between levels of urinary dialkyl phosphates in the control group and exposed workers. Cholinesterase activity (acetyl and butyryl) showed no significant reduction at the end of the workshift compared with baseline values.
对温室中使用喷雾器的人员以及从事手工操作的工人进行了监测，以了解他们对氧乐果和杀螟硫磷的接触情况。尿中二烷基磷酸酯（二甲基硫代磷酸酯和二甲基磷酸酯）被用作接触这两种化学物质的生物指标。测定了叶片上杀螟硫磷的残留量，以及在呼吸带（个人采样）和温室入口及末端附近工作场所采集的空气样本中杀螟硫磷和氧乐果的含量。通过工作服下放置在胸部的垫子以及工作班次结束时的洗手液来估算皮肤接触量。喷雾器操作人员在工作班次期间佩戴呼吸防护和皮肤防护装备。从事手工操作的工人未佩戴呼吸防护装备。喷雾后48小时允许重新进入温室。在对观赏植物进行手工操作期间，空气样本、垫子和手上的氧乐果和杀螟硫磷含量非常低。尿液分析显示，接触前后的样本之间没有显著差异。对照组和接触工人的尿中二烷基磷酸酯水平没有显著差异。与基线值相比，工作班次结束时胆碱酯酶活性（乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶）没有显著降低。
