Warren M, Spencer H C, Churchill F C, Francois V J, Hippolyte R, Staiger M A
Bull World Health Organ. 1985;63(2):353-60.
Measurement of blood cholinesterase activity and of the urinary metabolites of fenitrothion (p-nitrocresol) and malathion (monocarboxylic acid) was used to assess the exposure to these insecticides of workers in the Haitian malaria control programme and of residents in the sprayed houses. Cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced at the end of the working week in 3 out of 28 fenitrothion workers. Urinary levels of p-nitrocresol (PNC) in the spraymen ranged from 2.2 to 25.2 mg/l. In fenitrothion workers who had no direct contact with spraying (weighers and supervisors), the cholinesterase activity remained >/= 75% of the normal control value, and the urinary PNC levels were relatively low. Urinary malathion monocarboxylic acid (MCA) levels at the end of the working week ranged between 1.1 and 5.3 mg/l in workers using malathion and their blood cholinesterase activity remained essentially normal. In both groups of workers the cholinesterase levels improved and the urinary excretion of metabolites decreased after 2 days of rest from the spraying operations. In the residents of the sprayed houses, low concentrations of PNC and MCA were detected in the urine 1 day after spraying and measurable but reduced levels were still present after 7 days. In all these cases the cholinesterase activity remained >/= 75% of the normal control value.
通过测量血液胆碱酯酶活性以及杀螟硫磷（对硝基甲酚）和马拉硫磷（一元羧酸）的尿液代谢产物，来评估参与海地疟疾控制项目的工人以及喷洒房屋内居民接触这些杀虫剂的情况。在28名接触杀螟硫磷的工人中，有3人在工作周结束时胆碱酯酶活性显著降低。喷雾人员尿液中的对硝基甲酚（PNC）水平在2.2至25.2毫克/升之间。在未直接接触喷洒工作的杀螟硫磷工人（称重员和监督员）中，胆碱酯酶活性保持在正常对照值的≥75%，且尿液中PNC水平相对较低。使用马拉硫磷的工人在工作周结束时尿液中马拉硫磷一元羧酸（MCA）水平在1.1至5.3毫克/升之间，其血液胆碱酯酶活性基本保持正常。两组工人在停止喷洒作业休息2天后，胆碱酯酶水平均有所改善，代谢产物的尿液排泄量减少。在喷洒房屋的居民中，喷洒后1天在尿液中检测到低浓度的PNC和MCA，7天后仍可检测到但水平有所降低。在所有这些情况下，胆碱酯酶活性保持在正常对照值的≥75%。
