Correlates of temporal perspective.

The present study examined both dispositional and behavioral indices of future and present temporal perspective as measured by the 1985 Gonzalez and Zimbardo scale. To examine the behavioral consequences of individual temporal perspective, the 1988 Robinson method of time diaries was used. Four dispositional indices and their association with individual temporal perspective were examined, need for achievement, work ethic orientation, self-monitoring, and evaluation anxiety. Individuals with a future time perspective placed a strong emphasis on success via goal-directed behavior, paid attention to environmental cues, and engaged in a large number of activities to achieve these goals. Implications for research are discussed.