Brascamp E W, Parmentier H K
Vakgroep Veefokkerij, Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1994 Oct 1;119(19):568-71.
Disease resistance results from different processes which partly are immunological in nature. Immunological processes can be subdivided into innate (non-specific) resistance (phagocytosis) and acquired resistance. The latter can be subdivided in cellular and humoral immunity. These three compartments of the immune system do not act independently but are complementary. Parameters for each of the compartments have a genetic basis, and expression is affected by many genes, some of which are known. Experimental results suggest that especially aspects of innate disease resistance (the killing capacity of phagocytes) are negatively correlated with humoral immune response. Comparison of pig breeds supports this idea. On the other hand selection experiments show that simultaneous improvement of various aspects of the immune system is possible. Consequently, selection programmes should utilize index selection including parameters of all three compartments. Research in mice and various farm animal species studied genetic aspects of immune parameters. Little attention has been paid to the relationships between immune responsiveness and resistance to specific infections. To support the implementation of selection programmes for disease resistance in pigs, further experiments using e.g. mice as a model and the design of simulation models are useful.
抗病性源于不同的过程，其中部分过程本质上是免疫性的。免疫过程可细分为先天性（非特异性）抗性（吞噬作用）和获得性抗性。后者又可细分为细胞免疫和体液免疫。免疫系统的这三个部分并非独立起作用，而是相互补充的。每个部分的参数都有遗传基础，其表达受许多基因影响，其中一些基因已为人所知。实验结果表明，尤其是先天性抗病性（吞噬细胞的杀伤能力）方面与体液免疫反应呈负相关。猪品种的比较支持了这一观点。另一方面，选择实验表明，免疫系统的各个方面可以同时得到改善。因此，选择计划应采用包括所有三个部分参数的指数选择法。对小鼠和各种农场动物物种的研究探讨了免疫参数的遗传方面。人们很少关注免疫反应性与对特定感染的抗性之间的关系。为了支持猪抗病性选择计划的实施，进一步的实验，例如以小鼠为模型的实验以及模拟模型的设计是有用的。
