Zeichner A, Allen J D, Giancola P R, Lating J M
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3013.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Jun;18(3):657-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00927.x.
Theorists have attempted to account for the relationship between alcohol intoxication and a wide range of aggressive behaviors by ascribing alcohol-related aggression to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol and to its disruptive effects on cognitive processes. Allocation of attention and situational threat have been thought to mediate alcohol-related aggression. In the present study, 72 male social drinkers received either alcohol, a placebo, or a nonalcoholic beverage and were exposed to either threatening or nonthreatening personal information. Measuring levels and duration of aggressive responses on a Taylor-Buss aggression machine, intoxicated subjects were found to be generally more aggressive under threatening than under nonthreatening information conditions. Intoxicated subjects also reported relatively large increases in anger, depression, and tension following the aggression task, which appeared to be affected by the type of information received. These findings concur with and refine previous models suggesting that alcohol focuses the drinker's attention to salient cues in threatening circumstances, thus increasing the likelihood of aggressive behavior.
理论家们试图通过将与酒精相关的攻击行为归因于酒精的去抑制作用及其对认知过程的干扰作用，来解释酒精中毒与广泛的攻击行为之间的关系。注意力分配和情境威胁被认为是与酒精相关攻击行为的中介因素。在本研究中，72名男性社交饮酒者分别饮用酒精饮料、安慰剂或非酒精饮料，并接触威胁性或非威胁性的个人信息。通过泰勒-巴斯攻击机器测量攻击反应的程度和持续时间，发现醉酒的受试者在威胁性信息条件下比在非威胁性信息条件下通常更具攻击性。醉酒的受试者在攻击任务后还报告说，愤怒、抑郁和紧张情绪相对大幅增加，这似乎受到所接收信息类型的影响。这些发现与之前的模型一致并有所完善，表明酒精会使饮酒者将注意力集中在威胁情境中的显著线索上，从而增加攻击行为的可能性。
