Chopra V, Engbers F H, Geerts M J, Filet W R, Bovill J G, Spierdijk J
Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
Br J Anaesth. 1994 Sep;73(3):287-92. doi: 10.1093/bja/73.3.287.
We describe an anaesthesia simulator capable of simulating all possible situations during anaesthesia. The Leiden anaesthesia simulator (LAS) may be used with most commercially available anaesthesia equipment and monitors, which are connected to the simulated patient as they are to a patient. A commercially available intubation manikin attached to an electromechanical lung model represents the patient. The lung allows both spontaneous and mechanical ventilation. Compliance, resistance, tidal volume and ventilatory frequency may be altered by a controlling computer. Carbon dioxide production and oxygen uptake are simulated. Physiological signals (ECG, arterial, pulmonary arterial and central venous pressure waveforms) generated by a signal generator under software control provide input to the monitors. All types of ECG disturbances may be simulated. There are facilities for simulating non-invasive arterial pressure measurement and pulse oximetry. A series of physiological models is being developed to control interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory variables. During a simulation session, a pre-defined scenario is presented to the trainee. The task of the trainee is to diagnose and treat the problem as if in real life. The simulator experiences on the LAS were judged as highly realistic by 28 subjects. This simulator is currently being used for teaching and training of anaesthetists, trainees and anaesthesia personnel and for research.
我们描述了一种能够模拟麻醉期间所有可能情况的麻醉模拟器。莱顿麻醉模拟器（LAS）可与大多数市售的麻醉设备和监测仪配合使用，这些设备和监测仪连接到模拟患者的方式与连接真实患者的方式相同。连接到机电肺模型的市售插管人体模型代表患者。该肺允许自主通气和机械通气。顺应性、阻力、潮气量和通气频率可由控制计算机改变。模拟二氧化碳产生和氧气摄取。在软件控制下，信号发生器产生的生理信号（心电图、动脉压、肺动脉压和中心静脉压波形）为监测仪提供输入。可模拟所有类型的心电图紊乱。有用于模拟无创动脉压测量和脉搏血氧饱和度测定的设备。正在开发一系列生理模型来控制心血管和呼吸变量之间的相互作用。在模拟过程中，向学员呈现一个预定义的场景。学员的任务是像在现实生活中一样诊断和治疗问题。28名受试者认为在LAS上的模拟体验非常逼真。该模拟器目前用于麻醉师、学员和麻醉人员的教学与培训以及研究。
