Razdan A, Pettersson D
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Br J Nutr. 1994 Aug;72(2):277-88. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940029.
Broiler chickens were fed on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing chitin, or 94, 82 or 76% deacetylated chitin (chitosans) with different viscosities (360, 590 and 620 m Pa.s respectively) at an inclusion level of 30 g/kg. Animals had free access to feed and water for the whole experimental period. On days 10 and 18 of the experiment chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets weighed more, had consumed more feed and had lower feed conversion ratios (g feed/g weight gain) than chitosan-fed birds. Feeding of chitosan-containing diets generally reduced total plasma cholesterol and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations and gave an increased HDL:total cholesterol ratio in comparison with chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets. However, no significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations resulting from feeding of the chitosan-containing diets were observed. The reduction in total cholesterol concentration and increased HDL:total cholesterol ratio were probably caused by enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in response to intestinal losses of dietary fats. The suggestion that dietary fat absorption was impeded by the chitosans was strengthened by the observation that ileal fat digestibility was reduced by 26% in comparison with control and chitin-fed animals. In a plasma triacylglycerol response study on day 21, feeding of 94 and 76%-chitosan-containing diets generally reduced postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with chickens given the chitin-containing diet. Duodenal digestibilities of nutrients amongst chickens given the chitin-containing diet were generally lower than those of control and chitosan-fed birds indicating decreased intestinal transit time. The reduced caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations of chickens given chitosan diets compared with the control diet illustrates the antimicrobial nature of chitosan. The fact that the three chitosan-containing diets affected the registered variables similarly indicated that the level of inclusion of chitosans in the diet exceeded the level at which the effect of the different viscosities could be significant.
将肉鸡分别饲喂以玉米和玉米淀粉为基础的对照日粮，或含有几丁质、94%、82%或76%脱乙酰几丁质（壳聚糖）的日粮，这些壳聚糖具有不同的粘度（分别为360、590和620毫帕·秒），添加水平为30克/千克。在整个实验期间，动物可自由采食和饮水。在实验的第10天和第18天，与饲喂壳聚糖日粮的鸡相比，饲喂对照日粮和含几丁质日粮的鸡体重更重，采食的饲料更多，饲料转化率（克饲料/克体重增加）更低。与饲喂对照日粮和含几丁质日粮的鸡相比，饲喂含壳聚糖日粮通常会降低血浆总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇浓度，并提高HDL:总胆固醇比值。然而，未观察到饲喂含壳聚糖日粮导致血浆三酰甘油浓度有显著降低。总胆固醇浓度的降低和HDL:总胆固醇比值的升高可能是由于膳食脂肪在肠道损失后，胆固醇逆向转运增强所致。与对照和饲喂几丁质的动物相比，回肠脂肪消化率降低了26%，这一观察结果支持了壳聚糖会阻碍膳食脂肪吸收的观点。在第21天的一项血浆三酰甘油反应研究中，与饲喂含几丁质日粮的鸡相比，饲喂含94%和76%壳聚糖日粮通常会降低餐后三酰甘油浓度。饲喂含几丁质日粮的鸡的十二指肠营养物质消化率通常低于对照和饲喂壳聚糖日粮的鸡，这表明肠道转运时间缩短。与对照日粮相比，饲喂壳聚糖日粮的鸡盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度降低，这说明了壳聚糖的抗菌特性。三种含壳聚糖日粮对所记录变量的影响相似，这一事实表明日粮中壳聚糖的添加水平超过了不同粘度产生显著影响的水平。
