Drewnowski A, Massien C, Louis-Sylvestre J, Fricker J, Chapelot D, Apfelbaum M
Program in Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994 Aug;18(8):570-8.
This study examined the effects of four breakfast preloads of different sweetness and energy content on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes of 12 obese and 12 lean women. The preloads consisted of creamy white cheese (fromage blanc) and were either plain, sweetened with sucrose or aspartame, or sweetened with aspartame and supplemented with maltodextrin. Their energy content was either 300 kcal (1,255 kJ) or 700 kcal (2,929 kJ). Motivational ratings of hunger and the desire to eat were obtained prior to and at 30 min intervals after breakfast. Taste preferences were measured prior to and 150 min after breakfast. The subjects ate buffet-style lunch, snack, and dinner meals in the laboratory. Obese women consumed significantly more energy at meals (2,596 kcal or 10,862 kJ) than did lean women (1,484 kcal or 6,209 kJ); derived a greater proportion of energy from fat (39.9% vs. 35.5%), and had lower dietary carbohydrate-to-fat ratios. Consumption of low-energy as opposed to high-energy breakfast preloads was associated with elevated motivational ratings by noon. However, energy intakes at lunch, snack, or dinner did not vary as a function of preload type, and no compensation was observed for the energy consumed at breakfast. Taste preferences were not affected by preload ingestion or by preload type. The study provided no evidence that aspartame promotes hunger or results in increased energy intakes in obese or in lean women.
本研究考察了四种不同甜度和能量含量的早餐预负荷对12名肥胖女性和12名瘦女性的动机评分、口味偏好及能量摄入的影响。预负荷由乳脂白奶酪（软奶酪）组成，分别为原味、用蔗糖或阿斯巴甜增甜，或用阿斯巴甜增甜并添加麦芽糊精。其能量含量分别为300千卡（1255千焦）或700千卡（2929千焦）。在早餐前及早餐后每隔30分钟获取饥饿及进食欲望的动机评分。在早餐前及早餐后150分钟测量口味偏好。受试者在实验室食用自助式午餐、小吃和晚餐。肥胖女性每餐摄入的能量（2596千卡或10862千焦）显著多于瘦女性（1484千卡或6209千焦）；从脂肪中获取的能量比例更高（39.9%对35.5%），且饮食中碳水化合物与脂肪的比例更低。与高能量早餐预负荷相比，食用低能量早餐预负荷与中午时更高的动机评分相关。然而，午餐、小吃或晚餐的能量摄入并未因预负荷类型而有所不同，且未观察到对早餐所摄入能量的补偿。口味偏好不受预负荷摄入或预负荷类型的影响。该研究没有提供证据表明阿斯巴甜会促进肥胖或瘦女性产生饥饿感或导致能量摄入增加。
