Wang Juan, Li Baizhan, Yu Wei, Yang Qin, Wang Han, Huang Duchai, Sundell Jan, Norbäck Dan
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 14;9(4):e94731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094731. eCollection 2014.
Risk factors for rhinitis and asthma in the home environment were studied by a questionnaire survey. Parents of 4530 1-8 year old children (one parent per child) from randomly selected kindergartens in Chongqing, China participated. 70.4% were females; 47.1% had rhinitis symptoms in the last three months (current rhinitis, CR); 1.6% reported a history of allergic asthma (AA); 2.7% reported a history of allergic rhinitis (AR); 16.4% were current smokers; 50.8% males and 2.4% females were current smokers. Stuffy odor, unpleasant odor, tobacco smoke odor and dry air were associated with CR (adjustment for gender, current smoking and other perceptions of odor or humidity). Associations between home environment and CR, AR, and AA were studied by multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusting for gender, current smoking and other significant home factors. Living near a main road or highway was a risk factor for both CR (OR(95%CI): 1.31(1.13,1.52)) and AR (OR(95%CI): 2.44(1.48,4.03)). Other risk factors for CR included living in rural areas (OR(95%CI): 1.43(1.10,1.85)), new furniture (OR(95%CI): 1.28(1.11,1.49)), water damage (OR(95%CI): 1.68(1.29,2.18)), cockroaches (OR(95%CI): 1.46(1.23,1.73)), and keeping pets (OR(95%CI): 1.24(1.04,1.49)). Other risk factors for AR included redecoration (OR(95%CI): 2.14(1.34,3.41)), mold spots (OR(95%CI): 2.23(1.06,4.68)), window pane condensation (OR(95%CI): 2.04(1.28,3.26)). Water damage was the only home factor associated with AA (2.56(1.34,4.86)). Frequently put bedding to sunshine was protective for CR (OR(95%CI): 0.79(0.68,0.92); cleaning every day was protective for AR (OR(95%CI): 0.40(0.22,0.71)). In conclusion, parents' CR and AR were related to a number of factors of the home environment.
通过问卷调查研究了家庭环境中鼻炎和哮喘的危险因素。来自中国重庆随机抽取的幼儿园的4530名1 - 8岁儿童的家长（每个孩子一名家长）参与了调查。70.4%为女性；47.1%在过去三个月有鼻炎症状（当前鼻炎，CR）；1.6%报告有过敏性哮喘病史（AA）；2.7%报告有过敏性鼻炎病史（AR）；16.4%为当前吸烟者；50.8%的男性和2.4%的女性为当前吸烟者。闷味、异味、烟草烟雾味和干燥空气与CR相关（对性别、当前吸烟情况以及其他气味或湿度感知进行了调整）。通过多元逻辑回归分析研究了家庭环境与CR、AR和AA之间的关联，并对性别、当前吸烟情况和其他重要的家庭因素进行了调整。居住在主干道或高速公路附近是CR（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.31（1.13,1.52））和AR（比值比（95%置信区间）：2.44（1.48,4.03））的危险因素。CR的其他危险因素包括居住在农村地区（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.43（1.10,1.85））、新家具（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.28（1.11,1.49））、水损（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.68（1.29,2.18））、蟑螂（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.46（1.23,1.73））和养宠物（比值比（95%置信区间）：1.24（1.04,1.49））。AR的其他危险因素包括重新装修（比值比（95%置信区间）：2.14（1.34,3.41））、霉菌斑（比值比（95%置信区间）：2.23（1.06,4.68））、窗玻璃凝结水（比值比（95%置信区间）：2.04（1.28,3.26））。水损是与AA相关的唯一家庭因素（2.56（1.34,4.86））。经常将被褥晒太阳对CR有保护作用（比值比（95%置信区间）：0.79（0.68,0.92））；每天清洁对AR有保护作用（比值比（95%置信区间）：0.40（0.22,0.71））。总之，家长的CR和AR与家庭环境的许多因素有关。
