Millis S R, Ricker J H
Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1994 Aug;16(4):498-507. doi: 10.1080/01688639408402661.
Previous studies that have examined performances on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have found differing levels of performance. Differential patterns of performance, however, have only been inferred. The present investigation sought to determine empirically if differential patterns of performance could be discerned in a TBI sample of 65 subjects with CVLT variables. The CVLT variables were selected based on the instrument's factor structure. Cluster analysis yielded four distinct subtypes of brain-injured individuals. The Active subtype demonstrated impaired unassisted retrieval, but used active encoding strategies and showed relatively intact ability to store novel information. The Disorganized subtype demonstrated an inconsistent, haphazard learning style along with deficits in encoding. The Passive subtype was marked by an overreliance on a serial clustering strategy as well as impaired encoding and/or consolidation. The Deficient subtype was the most impaired of all groups, exhibiting a slowed rate of acquisition, passive learning style, and significant impairment in encoding. Implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
以往对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者进行加利福尼亚言语学习测验（CVLT）表现的研究发现了不同水平的表现。然而，不同的表现模式只是被推断出来的。本研究试图通过实证确定在一个由65名患有CVLT变量的TBI受试者组成的样本中是否能辨别出不同的表现模式。CVLT变量是根据该工具的因素结构选择的。聚类分析产生了四种不同的脑损伤个体亚型。活跃亚型表现出无辅助检索受损，但使用主动编码策略，并且在存储新信息方面显示出相对完整的能力。混乱亚型表现出不一致、随意的学习风格以及编码缺陷。被动亚型的特点是过度依赖序列聚类策略以及编码和/或巩固受损。缺陷亚型是所有组中受损最严重的，表现出学习速度减慢、被动学习风格以及编码方面的显著损伤。文中讨论了对康复的启示。
