Carson D K, Bittner M T
Department of Home Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071.
J Genet Psychol. 1994 Sep;155(3):289-302. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1994.9914779.
To measure children's temperament and coping abilities, we administered the Stress Impact Scale to sixty 9- to 12-year-old children. Trained observers also completed an observational rating scale of coping behavior, the Coping Inventory, for each of the participants. The Stress Response Scale and Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire were completed by the mothers of the participants. Results showed that activity level was most predictive of effective coping as observed in the school environment. Dimensions of temperament that were most closely associated with less difficult responses to stress, fewer behavior problems, and a lower perceived stress impact were the following: predictability of behavior, positive mood, adaptability to change, higher approach, lower intensity of reaction, and lower responsiveness threshold. Age was also strongly associated with coping abilities observed in the school environment. The results have implications for therapists, teachers, and other professionals who work with children.
为了测量儿童的气质和应对能力，我们对60名9至12岁的儿童进行了压力影响量表测试。训练有素的观察员还为每位参与者完成了一份应对行为观察评定量表——应对量表。参与者的母亲完成了压力反应量表和童年中期气质问卷。结果表明，活动水平最能预测在学校环境中观察到的有效应对情况。与对压力的较轻松反应、较少行为问题以及较低的感知压力影响最密切相关的气质维度如下：行为的可预测性、积极情绪、对变化的适应性、更高的接近度、更低的反应强度以及更低的反应阈值。年龄也与在学校环境中观察到的应对能力密切相关。这些结果对与儿童打交道的治疗师、教师和其他专业人员具有启示意义。
