Sterett W I, Krissoff W B
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis-Tahoe Forest Hospital, Truckee.
J Orthop Trauma. 1994 Aug;8(4):310-4. doi: 10.1097/00005131-199408000-00006.
A retrospective review of 85 femur fractures sustained while alpine skiing in the north Lake Tahoe area was performed to determine incidence, severity, and mechanisms of injury. The incidence of femur fractures averaged 0.8 per 100,000 days of skiing and accounted for 0.4% of reported accidents in this series. Skiers sustaining femur fractures had a mean age of 30.2 years, significantly older than the skier mean age overall. Comminuted femoral shaft and trochanteric fractures that were the result of high-energy impact most often occurred in advanced skiers in firm or icy conditions. Firm ski conditions provided the most striking correlation to this type of fracture in the older age groups. In skeletally immature individuals (< 18 years of age), the femur fractures were mainly of the low-energy impact and minimally comminuted variety and were produced by an indirect, torsional, or bending mechanism. This injury typically occurred while skiing fast and resulted from catching the tip of a ski in wet or heavy snow. The majority of fractures (55%) occurred in the young adult population (18-45 years of age). Being predominantly advanced skiers, most of their fractures were the result of a high-energy, direct-impact fall or collision that led to severely comminuted femoral shaft and trochanteric fractures. Nineteen percent of those injured were > 45 years of age. More than two thirds of these individuals sustained fractures about the hip, typically a simple fracture in low-impact falls on hard or icy surfaces.
对太浩湖北部地区高山滑雪时发生的85例股骨骨折进行了回顾性研究，以确定损伤的发生率、严重程度和机制。股骨骨折的发生率平均为每10万滑雪日0.8例，占该系列报告事故的0.4%。发生股骨骨折的滑雪者平均年龄为30.2岁，明显高于总体滑雪者的平均年龄。高能撞击导致的股骨干粉碎性骨折和转子骨折最常发生在高级滑雪者在坚硬或结冰条件下时。在老年人群中，坚硬的滑雪条件与这类骨折的相关性最为显著。在骨骼未成熟的个体（<18岁）中，股骨骨折主要是低能量撞击且粉碎程度最小的类型，由间接、扭转或弯曲机制造成。这种损伤通常发生在快速滑雪时，是由于滑雪板尖端卡在湿雪或厚雪中导致的。大多数骨折（55%）发生在年轻成年人（18 - 45岁）群体中。由于他们大多是高级滑雪者，他们的大多数骨折是由高能直接撞击摔倒或碰撞导致的，进而造成股骨干和转子严重粉碎性骨折。19%的受伤者年龄>45岁。这些人中超过三分之二的人髋部发生骨折，通常是在硬地面或结冰表面低冲击力摔倒时的单纯骨折。
