Shoda Y, Mischel W, Wright J C
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994 Oct;67(4):674-87. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.4.674.
In nomothetic analyses, the cross-situational consistency of individual differences in social behavior, assessed in vivo in a camp setting, dependent on the similarity in the psychological features of situations. As predicted by the social-cognitive theory of personality, idiographic analyses revealed that individuals were characterized by stable profiles of if ... then ...,situation-behavior relationships that formed "behavioral signatures" of personality (e.g., he aggresses when warned by adults but complies when threatened by peers. Thus, the intraindividual organization of behavior variation across situations was enduring but discriminatively patterned, visible as distinctive profiles of situation-behavior relationships. Implications were examined for an idiographic reconceptualization of personality coherence and its behavioral expressions in relation to the psychological ingredients of situations.
在共性分析中，社会行为中个体差异的跨情境一致性是在营地环境中进行实地评估的，它取决于情境心理特征的相似性。正如人格的社会认知理论所预测的那样，个案分析表明，个体具有稳定的“如果……那么……”情境 - 行为关系模式，这些模式形成了人格的“行为特征”（例如，他在被成年人警告时会攻击，但在被同龄人威胁时会顺从）。因此，个体内部跨情境行为变化的组织是持久的，但具有区别性模式，表现为情境 - 行为关系的独特特征。研究了这些结果对人格连贯性的个案重新概念化及其与情境心理成分相关的行为表达的影响。
