Klonoff E A, Landrine H
Behavioral Health Institute, California State University, San Bernardino 92407.
J Behav Med. 1994 Aug;17(4):407-18. doi: 10.1007/BF01858011.
One hundred seventy-eight subjects attributed a variety of causes to six illnesses/diseases: AIDS, the common cold, diabetes, hypertension, lung cancer, and headaches. Factor analysis of these causal attributions yielded four factors which were more complex than those in the existing literature. Each of the six illnesses was seen as caused by different factors. Ethnic and gender differences in causal attributions also were assessed. Although there were no differences between minorities and whites in the perceived causes of the six illnesses, a number of gender differences did emerge. Women were more likely than men to view illness as caused by Sin and Sex and as a form of punishment. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for ethnic and gender differences in health behavior, health service utilization, and somatic symptoms, and suggestions for future research are offered.
178名受试者将多种原因归咎于六种疾病：艾滋病、普通感冒、糖尿病、高血压、肺癌和头痛。对这些因果归因进行因素分析得出了四个因素，这些因素比现有文献中的因素更为复杂。六种疾病中的每一种都被视为由不同因素导致。还评估了因果归因中的种族和性别差异。尽管在六种疾病的感知原因方面少数族裔和白人之间没有差异，但确实出现了一些性别差异。女性比男性更有可能将疾病视为由罪恶和性导致，并将其视为一种惩罚形式。根据这些结果对健康行为、医疗服务利用和躯体症状中的种族和性别差异的影响进行了讨论，并提出了未来研究的建议。
