Flecknell P A
Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Lab Anim. 1994 Jul;28(3):222-31. doi: 10.1258/002367794780681660.
The refinement of experimental techniques represents an important opportunity to improve the welfare of laboratory animals. Objective methods for the assessment of pain and distress in animals are needed before procedures that are claimed to be refinements can be evaluated. The methods currently used for assessment of pain and distress are unsatisfactory, and are often based on uncritical anthropomorphic assumptions. Future developments may enable the establishment of well validated clinical scoring systems, or identification of biochemical or physiological indices of pain or distress. If reliable methods of pain assessment can be developed, then a critical evaluation of the methods available for the alleviation of pain and distress can be undertaken. This article reviews methods of clinical pain assessment in animals, with reference to the techniques used in man. Techniques for pain alleviation are briefly reviewed.
实验技术的改进是改善实验动物福利的重要契机。在对那些声称是改进措施的程序进行评估之前，需要有客观的方法来评估动物的疼痛和痛苦。目前用于评估疼痛和痛苦的方法并不令人满意，且往往基于未经审慎思考的拟人化假设。未来的发展或许能够建立起经过充分验证的临床评分系统，或者识别出疼痛或痛苦的生化或生理指标。如果能够开发出可靠的疼痛评估方法，那么就可以对现有的减轻疼痛和痛苦的方法进行批判性评估。本文参照人类使用的技术，综述了动物临床疼痛评估的方法。同时简要综述了减轻疼痛的技术。
