Carlesimo G A
Istituto di Neurologia, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
Neuropsychologia. 1994 Aug;32(8):903-21. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90042-6.
This study investigated the contribution of perceptual and conceptual processes to the repetition priming effect, and evaluated alternative theoretical positions about repetition priming in amnesic patients. Toward this end, we administered three repetition priming tasks (Stem Completion, Word Identification and Free Association) and an explicit memory task (yes/no Recognition) to amnesic and alcoholic patients, and tested the sensitivity of these tasks to level of processing and to manipulations of presentation modality. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the level of priming in Stem Completion and Free Association (but not in Word Identification) was enhanced by semantic elaboration of the stimuli. Experiment 2 revealed that the magnitude of priming in Word Identification and Stem Completion (but not in Free Association) was larger in the intramodal then in the intermodal condition. Amnesic patients displayed normal perceptual as well conceptual priming. Possible interpretations of these results according to theoretical models that distinguish memory tasks along an explicit-implicit dichotomy (multiple memory system theory), or on the basis of the extent to which they depend upon perceptual or conceptual processing (transfer-appropriate procedures approach), or that assumes a possible contamination of priming performance by explicit strategies of retrieval are discussed.
本研究调查了知觉和概念加工过程对重复启动效应的作用，并评估了关于遗忘症患者重复启动效应的不同理论观点。为此，我们对遗忘症患者和酒精中毒患者进行了三项重复启动任务（词干补全、单词识别和自由联想）以及一项外显记忆任务（是/否识别），并测试了这些任务对加工水平和呈现方式操作的敏感性。实验1表明，通过对刺激进行语义加工，词干补全和自由联想（但不是单词识别）中的启动水平得到了提高。实验2显示，在模态内条件下，单词识别和词干补全（但不是自由联想）中的启动幅度比模态间条件下更大。遗忘症患者表现出正常的知觉启动和概念启动。根据沿着外显-内隐二分法区分记忆任务的理论模型（多重记忆系统理论），或者基于它们依赖于知觉或概念加工的程度的理论模型（迁移适当程序方法），或者假设启动表现可能受到外显检索策略污染的理论模型，对这些结果的可能解释进行了讨论。
