de Castro J M
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Sep;56(3):445-5. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90286-0.
How the presence of other people increases the amount eaten in meals was investigated by studying the impact of different companions on the spontaneous intake of free-living humans. 515 adults were paid to maintain 7-day diaries of everything they ate or drank, the time of occurrence, self-rated hunger, anxiety, and elation, the number of other people present, and their gender and relationship to the subject. Meals eaten with other people were larger and longer in duration compared to meals eaten alone regardless of the relationship of the eating companion to the subject. However, relative to other companions, meals eaten with spouse and family were larger and eaten faster, while meals eaten with friends were larger and of longer duration. This was independent of the time of day with similar effects occurring with morning, noontime, and evening meals. In addition males produced greater social facilitation of intake in females but not in males. These results suggest that the presence of other people at a meal increases intake by extending the time spent at the meal, probably as a result of social interaction, and that family and friends have an even larger effect, probably by producing relaxation and a consequent disinhibition of restraint on intake.
通过研究不同同伴对自由生活的人的自发进食量的影响，探讨了他人在场如何增加进餐时的进食量。515名成年人获得报酬，记录他们7天内所吃所喝的一切、进食时间、自我评定的饥饿感、焦虑感和愉悦感、在场的其他人数量以及他们的性别和与受试者的关系。无论进食同伴与受试者的关系如何，与他人一起进餐时的食量都比独自进餐时大，且进餐时间更长。然而，相对于其他同伴，与配偶和家人一起进餐时食量更大且吃得更快，而与朋友一起进餐时食量更大且进餐时间更长。这与一天中的时间无关，早餐、午餐和晚餐都有类似的效果。此外，男性对女性的进食有更大的社交促进作用，但对男性则没有。这些结果表明，进餐时有他人在场会通过延长进餐时间来增加食量，这可能是社交互动的结果，而家人和朋友的影响更大，可能是因为他们能让人放松，从而解除对进食的抑制。
