De Castro J M
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303.
Physiol Behav. 1990 Jun;47(6):1129-35. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90363-9.
The amount eaten by humans in spontaneously ingested meals is positively correlated with the number of other people present. In order to investigate whether this social facilitation of eating was due to an increase in arousal, emotionality, hunger, or social interactions, analyses were performed on the data obtained from 82 adult humans. They were paid to maintain 7-day diaries of everything they ingested, when and where they ingested it, the number of other people present, and their subjective states of hunger, elation, and anxiety. The presence of other people was found to be associated with the duration of meals and not the rate of intake, whereas self-rated hunger was found to be associated with the rate of intake and not the duration of meals. Self-rated anxiety was not found to be associated with the number of people present, whereas self-rated elation was positively correlated with the presence of others. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the presence of other people facilitates intake and increases elation independently. It also suggested that social facilitation operates by independently increasing the size and the duration of meals and that it operates independently of the subjective state of the individual. These results contradict the predictions of increased arousal, increased hunger, and increased emotionality models but support attentional, disinhibitory, and time extension models of social facilitation.
人类在自发进食时的食量与在场的其他人数量呈正相关。为了探究这种进食的社会促进作用是由于唤醒、情绪、饥饿的增加，还是社会互动，对从82名成年人那里获得的数据进行了分析。他们被付费记录7天内所摄入的一切食物，包括进食的时间、地点、在场的其他人数量，以及他们饥饿、兴奋和焦虑的主观状态。结果发现，其他人的在场与用餐时长有关，而与进食速度无关，而自我评定的饥饿感与进食速度有关，与用餐时长无关。自我评定的焦虑感与在场人数无关，而自我评定的兴奋感与其他人的在场呈正相关。多元回归分析表明，其他人的在场独立促进进食并增加兴奋感。分析还表明，社会促进作用通过独立增加用餐量和用餐时长来发挥作用，且其作用独立于个体的主观状态。这些结果与唤醒增加、饥饿增加和情绪增加模型的预测相矛盾，但支持社会促进作用的注意力、去抑制和时间延长模型。
