Brockerhoff M, Yang X
Population Council, New York, New York 10017.
Soc Biol. 1994 Spring-Summer;41(1-2):19-43.
Much lower levels of fertility in urban than rural areas throughout sub-Saharan Africa imply that fertility decline in the region may be facilitated by rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration. The present study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys in six countries--Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Togo and Uganda--to assess the impact of long-term rural-urban female migration on fertility. Results of logit analyses indicate that in most countries women who leave the countryside represent the higher fertility segment of the rural population in the years before migration. Migrants' risk of conception declines dramatically in all countries around the time of migration and remains lower in the long run among most migrant groups than among rural and urban nonmigrants. Descriptive analyses suggest that the decline in migrant fertility is related to the rapid and pronounced improvement in standard of living experienced by migrants after settling in the urban area and may be due in part to temporary spousal separation.
在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，城市地区的生育率远低于农村地区，这意味着该地区的生育率下降可能得益于快速的城市化进程以及农村向城市的人口迁移。本研究使用了来自六个国家（加纳、肯尼亚、马里、塞内加尔、多哥和乌干达）人口与健康调查的数据，以评估长期城乡女性迁移对生育率的影响。逻辑回归分析结果表明，在大多数国家，离开农村的女性在迁移前几年代表了农村人口中生育率较高的部分。在所有国家，移民受孕的风险在迁移前后急剧下降，并且从长远来看，大多数移民群体的风险仍低于农村和城市非移民群体。描述性分析表明，移民生育率的下降与移民在城市定居后生活水平的迅速显著提高有关，部分原因可能是配偶暂时分离。
