Brenzel L, Claquin P
Aga Khan Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 Aug;39(4):527-36. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90095-7.
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) has made considerable progress towards immunizing the world's women and children, preventing 3.2 million child death episodes per year from measles, neonatal tetanus, and pertussis, as well as 440,000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. Vaccinations provided through the EPI are believed to be one of the most cost-effective child survival interventions at a cost between $5 and $10 per child. However, variation exists in the average cost per fully immunized child, depending upon the type of vaccine technology and delivery strategy utilized, the scale of operation, and country and environmental characteristics. Recent evidence on the cost-effectiveness of immunization strategies raise concerns over the affordability of national immunization programs by governments and highlights the need for continued donor support, identification of other financing mechanisms, or reconsideration of policies aimed toward accelerating and maintaining immunization coverage.
扩大免疫规划（EPI）在为全球妇女和儿童接种疫苗方面取得了显著进展，每年预防了320万例由麻疹、新生儿破伤风和百日咳导致的儿童死亡病例，以及44万例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例。通过EPI提供的疫苗接种被认为是最具成本效益的儿童生存干预措施之一，每个儿童的成本在5美元至10美元之间。然而，根据所采用的疫苗技术类型和交付策略、运营规模以及国家和环境特征，每名完全免疫儿童的平均成本存在差异。近期关于免疫策略成本效益的证据引发了对各国政府国家免疫规划可承受性的担忧，并凸显了持续获得捐助方支持、确定其他融资机制或重新考虑旨在加速和维持免疫覆盖率的政策的必要性。
