Dulai K S, Bowmaker J K, Mollon J D, Hunt D M
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of London, England.
Vision Res. 1994 Oct;34(19):2483-91. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)90233-x.
In man, the spectral shift between the middle-wave (MW) and long-wave (LW) visual pigments is largely achieved by amino acid substitution at two codons, both located in exon 5. A third amino acid site coded by exon 3 is polymorphic between pigments. We have studied the equivalent regions of the cone opsin genes in two members of the Hominidea (the gorilla, Gorilla gorilla and the chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes) and in three members of the Cercopithecoidea family of Old World primates (the diana monkey, Cercopithecus diana, the talapoin monkey, Miopithecus talapoin, and the crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis). No variation in the codons that specify the amino acids involved in spectral tuning were found. We predict therefore that the MW and LW pigments of gorilla and chimpanzee have similar spectral characteristics to those of man. Multiple copies of the same opsin gene sequence were identified in the chimpanzee, talapoin and macaque and we also show that non-human Old World primates are similar to man in showing a bunching of polymorphic sites in exon 3. We discuss the ancestry of the separate MW and LW genes of Old World primates and the equivalent polymorphic gene of the marmoset, a New World primate.
在人类中，中波（MW）和长波（LW）视觉色素之间的光谱位移主要通过位于外显子5的两个密码子处的氨基酸替换来实现。由外显子3编码的第三个氨基酸位点在色素之间是多态性的。我们研究了人科两个成员（大猩猩，Gorilla gorilla和黑猩猩，Pan troglodytes）以及旧世界灵长类动物猕猴科三个成员（戴安娜猴，Cercopithecus diana、侏长尾猴，Miopithecus talapoin和食蟹猕猴，Macaca fascicularis）的视锥蛋白基因的等效区域。未发现指定参与光谱调谐的氨基酸的密码子存在变异。因此，我们预测大猩猩和黑猩猩的MW和LW色素具有与人类相似的光谱特征。在黑猩猩、侏长尾猴和猕猴中鉴定出了相同视蛋白基因序列的多个拷贝，并且我们还表明，旧世界非人类灵长类动物与人类相似，在外显子3中显示出多态性位点的聚集。我们讨论了旧世界灵长类动物单独的MW和LW基因以及新世界灵长类动物狨猴的等效多态性基因的起源。
