Brinkmann E, Mehlitz I, Oei H B, Tiebach R, Baltes W
Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Technischen Universität Berlin, Germany.
Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1994 Sep;199(3):206-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01193445.
Vitamin A concentrations in livers of fattening animals and liver-containing products may reach much higher values than was assumed up to now. This effect may be caused by animal feed, which is usually supplemented with vitamins. To support this supposition, 57 liver samples of different species of animals, 97 liver sausages and 106 samples of liver-containing infant food were analysed. For isolation of retinol from the sample matrix the sample was saponified for 16 h under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Retinol was extracted from the saponification solution by using disposable cartridges. For chromatographic determination a normal-phase HPLC system using a narrow-bore analytical column and a photodiode array detector was used. It was possible to separate all-trans-retinol from other isomers. The identity of the peaks could be confirmed by recording the UV spectra.--The results of the retinol contents found in the analysed samples ranged from 11.6 to 160.7 mg/100 g in liver, from 1.4 to 31.1 mg/100 g in liver sausages and from 0.5 to 3.8 mg/100 g in infant food containing between 5 and 11% liver. By consuming liver-containing meals frequently a multiple amount of the recommended dietary intake ranging from 0.375 mg for infants to 0.8 mg for adults may be taken up. Also the recommended daily intakes of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung can be exceeded.--The carry-over effect of daily vitamin A consumption of pigs and their liver vitamin A was investigated by parallel determination of the retinol content in the liver after slaughtering and the vitamin A content in the pig-feed during the fattening period. A clear correlation between their daily vitamin A intake and the resulting retinol content in the livers was found.
育肥动物肝脏及含肝脏产品中的维生素A含量可能比目前所认为的要高得多。这种影响可能是由通常添加了维生素的动物饲料引起的。为支持这一推测，对57份不同动物种类的肝脏样本、97份肝香肠以及106份含肝脏的婴儿食品样本进行了分析。为从样本基质中分离视黄醇，将样本在室温下于氮气氛中皂化16小时。使用一次性柱从皂化溶液中提取视黄醇。对于色谱测定，使用了配备窄径分析柱和光电二极管阵列检测器的正相高效液相色谱系统。能够将全反式视黄醇与其他异构体分离。通过记录紫外光谱可确认峰的同一性。——分析样本中视黄醇含量的结果为：肝脏中11.6至160.7毫克/100克，肝香肠中1.4至31.1毫克/100克，含5%至11%肝脏的婴儿食品中0.5至3.8毫克/100克。频繁食用含肝脏的餐食可能会摄入超出推荐膳食摄入量数倍的量，推荐膳食摄入量范围从婴儿的0.375毫克到成年人的0.8毫克。德国营养学会的每日推荐摄入量也可能会被超过。——通过在屠宰后平行测定肝脏中的视黄醇含量以及育肥期猪饲料中的维生素A含量，研究了猪每日维生素A摄入量及其肝脏维生素A含量的残留效应。发现它们的每日维生素A摄入量与肝脏中最终的视黄醇含量之间存在明显相关性。
