Grellner W, Madea B, Staak M
Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 1994 Oct 21;68(3):181-93. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(94)90357-3.
After 50- to 200-fold concentration by ultrafiltration, 56 fresh urine samples from healthy individuals (26 men, 30 women) and eight samples from corpses were subjected to isoelectrofocusing methods. All the urine samples tested could be correctly typed in both the phosphoglucomatase 1 (PGM1) and Gc system when compared to reference blood samples. The activity of urinary PGM1 revealed intraindividual and interindividual variations. To our knowledge this is the first report of PGM1 detection in urine. A systematic storage experiment over a period of 6 months was carried out at different temperatures (-20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, 20 degrees C); furthermore, aging of urine samples from 4 months to 4 years was investigated. The heterogeneous typing results were as follows. For Gc: after a storage period of 6 months positive results could be obtained in approximately 40% of those samples that were stored frozen (-20 degrees C) or in a refrigerator (4 degrees C). Some samples, however, showed negative analyses already after a 1 month storage period. At room temperature positive results could be achieved up to 3 months. Additional bands can appear in pherograms of urine samples stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator; they may cause misinterpretation, dependent on the original Gc-type. The maximum storage time compatible with successful Gc-typing was 1 year. For PGM1: this polymorphism could be regularly detected up to 1 week, and in some cases up to 1 month, in urine samples stored at 4 degrees C. The PGM1 activity gradually decreased; there were no additional or variant bands.
通过超滤进行50至200倍浓缩后，对56份来自健康个体（26名男性，30名女性）的新鲜尿液样本以及8份尸体样本进行等电聚焦分析。与参考血样相比，所有检测的尿液样本在磷酸葡萄糖变位酶1（PGM1）和Gc系统中均可正确分型。尿中PGM1的活性存在个体内和个体间差异。据我们所知，这是关于尿液中PGM1检测的首次报道。在不同温度（-20℃、4℃、20℃）下进行了为期6个月的系统储存实验；此外，还研究了尿液样本从4个月到4年的老化情况。分型结果如下。对于Gc：在储存6个月后，大约40%冷冻（-20℃）或冷藏（4℃）的样本仍能得到阳性结果。然而，一些样本在储存1个月后就出现了阴性分析结果。在室温下，阳性结果可持续3个月。储存在室温或冰箱中的尿液样本的图谱中可能会出现额外条带；根据原始的Gc类型，它们可能会导致错误解读。与成功进行Gc分型兼容的最长储存时间为1年。对于PGM1：在4℃储存的尿液样本中，这种多态性通常在1周内可检测到，在某些情况下可长达1个月。PGM1活性逐渐降低；没有额外或变异条带。
