Murray P A
Dept. of Periodontics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Dental School, Newark.
Compendium. 1994 Aug;15(8):1052, 1054-63; quiz 1064.
A multitude of oral lesions, including unique forms of periodontal disease, have been discovered in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the frequency of HIV-associated periodontal diseases appears to be less than previously thought, many researchers agree that an important factor influencing the prevalence of unique periodontal disease in the HIV population is the degree of immunodeficiency. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated periodontal diseases remains unclear, but may be the result of microbiota and/or alterations in the host. HIV-gingivitis, now called linear gingival erythema, and HIV-periodontitis, now called necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, have microbiology profiles similar to conventional adult periodontitis, although these lesions are quite different clinically. This article reviews clinical signs and symptoms, treatments, and the pathogenesis of HIV-related periodontal findings. It specifically focuses on the immuno-incompetence of HIV disease as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Because the caseload of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients will increase significantly in the future, the dental practitioner must be able to recognize and manage the periodontal lesions associated with HIV infection.
在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体中发现了多种口腔病变，包括独特形式的牙周疾病。尽管与HIV相关的牙周疾病的发生率似乎低于先前的认知，但许多研究人员一致认为，影响HIV人群中独特牙周疾病患病率的一个重要因素是免疫缺陷的程度。与HIV相关的牙周疾病的发病机制尚不清楚，但可能是微生物群和/或宿主改变的结果。HIV牙龈炎，现称为线性牙龈红斑，以及HIV牙周炎，现称为坏死性溃疡性牙周炎，其微生物学特征与传统成人牙周炎相似，尽管这些病变在临床上有很大差异。本文回顾了与HIV相关的牙周表现的临床体征和症状、治疗方法以及发病机制。它特别关注HIV疾病的免疫功能不全作为牙周疾病的一个危险因素。由于后天免疫机能丧失综合症患者的病例数在未来将显著增加，牙科医生必须能够识别和处理与HIV感染相关的牙周病变。
