Postoperative pain management and acute pain service activity in Canada.

A survey of postoperative pain management practices was mailed to the 56 Canadian university-affiliated teaching hospitals in December 1991. The aims of the survey were (1) to determine the prevalence, structure, and function of Acute Pain Services and (2) to determine the use and management of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and epidural opiate analgesia (EOA) in teaching hospitals. Responses were received from 47 hospitals, representing a return rate of 84%. Twenty-five hospitals (53%) operated an Acute Pain Service and an additional 17 (35%) were attempting to organize one. "Time commitment" was given as the primary reason why hospitals were unable to offer an Acute Pain Service. Most commonly used methods of pain relief were EOA and PCA. Most services were multidisciplinary, with 60% having a nurse and 29% a pharmacist. Irrespective of the presence of an Acute Pain Service, PCA was used at 32 (68%) hospitals, and EOA was used at 41 (87%); however, only 15 provided EOA on general wards. Complications have occurred with both PCA and EOA, with 14 of 32 hospitals indicating that they have had a major or serious complication. The data suggest an estimated incidence of severe respiratory depression of 0.03% with PCA and 0.13% with EOA. No deaths were reported at the time of the survey. Epidural opioid-local anaesthetic EOA-LA combinations were used at 26 (63%) hospitals; however, only six administered these combinations on general words. We conclude that a multidisciplinary team approach to manage postoperative pain is viable in university teaching hospitals of all sizes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)