Soucie J M, Thun M J, Coates R J, McClellan W, Austin H
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kidney Int. 1994 Sep;46(3):893-9. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.347.
To characterize demographic and regional variation in kidney stone prevalence in the U.S. we studied two nationwide cross-sectional surveys that included data on self-reported, physician-diagnosed kidney stones, supplementing published data on hospitalizations for stones. The larger study, Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II), included 1,185,124 men and women, age > or = 30, recruited nationally in 1982, and provides state-specific prevalence estimates. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) was a national probability sample of 25,286 U.S. adults interviewed between 1976 and 1980. Kidney stone prevalence increased with age until age 70, then declined and was higher in men than women and in whites than blacks. Prevalence among Hispanic and Asian men was intermediate between that of whites and blacks. There was a strong, statistically significant regional variability in stone prevalence among U.S. whites. The age-adjusted prevalence increased from north to south, and from west to east. The contrast in state-specific prevalence was greatest between men in North Carolina (prevalence = 14.9; 95% confidence interval = 14.2 to 15.7) and North Dakota (5.6; 4.7 to 6.4), and between women in South Carolina (6.4; 5.8 to 6.9) and South Dakota (2.4; 1.9 to 2.9). The marked variations in kidney stone prevalence by age, gender, race, and geographic location may provide clues to their etiology and prevention.
为了描述美国肾结石患病率的人口统计学和地区差异，我们研究了两项全国性横断面调查，这些调查包括自我报告的、医生诊断的肾结石数据，并补充了已发表的肾结石住院数据。规模较大的研究是癌症预防研究II（CPS II），包括1185124名年龄≥30岁的男性和女性，于1982年在全国范围内招募，并提供了各州的患病率估计值。国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES II）是1976年至1980年间对25286名美国成年人进行访谈的全国概率样本。肾结石患病率随年龄增长至70岁，然后下降，男性高于女性，白人高于黑人。西班牙裔和亚裔男性的患病率介于白人和黑人之间。美国白人中肾结石患病率存在显著的、具有统计学意义的地区差异。年龄调整后的患病率从北向南、从西向东增加。北卡罗来纳州男性（患病率=14.9；95%置信区间=14.2至15.7）和北达科他州男性（5.6；4.7至6.4）之间，以及南卡罗来纳州女性（6.4；5.8至6.9）和南达科他州女性（2.4；1.9至2.9）之间，各州患病率的差异最为明显。肾结石患病率在年龄、性别、种族和地理位置上的显著差异可能为其病因和预防提供线索。
