Raaf H N, Raaf J H
Cuvahoga County Coroner's Office, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Semin Surg Oncol. 1994 Sep-Oct;10(5):374-82. doi: 10.1002/ssu.2980100511.
Soft tissue sarcoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. Its presentation is infrequent, nonspecific, and subtle. For example, emboli from these tumors to the lungs or peripheral arteries may mimic thrombotic embolic disease. New noninvasive techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aid in diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Angiosarcoma, the most common cardiac sarcoma, is aggressive and usually arises in the right atrium. Kaposi's sarcoma of the heart has been found in patients with AIDS and in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Most primary sarcomas of the aorta and pulmonary artery (the elastic arteries) show minimal differentiation and are classified as "intimal, sarcomas," whereas leiomyosarcomas predominate in the muscular arteries and great veins. Surgical resection of any sarcoma of the vasculature, when feasible, is technically challenging but may result in cure or palliation. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also relieve symptoms and prolong survival.
软组织肉瘤是心脏、心包和大血管最常见的恶性肿瘤。其表现不常见、无特异性且隐匿。例如，这些肿瘤的栓子转移至肺部或外周动脉可能类似血栓栓塞性疾病。诸如超声心动图和磁共振成像（MRI）等新的非侵入性技术有助于诊断和术前评估。血管肉瘤是最常见的心脏肉瘤，具有侵袭性，通常发生于右心房。心脏卡波西肉瘤见于艾滋病患者和免疫抑制的器官移植受者。主动脉和肺动脉（弹性动脉）的大多数原发性肉瘤分化程度极低，被归类为“内膜肉瘤”，而平滑肌肉瘤在肌性动脉和大静脉中占主导地位。可行时，对任何血管肉瘤进行手术切除在技术上具有挑战性，但可能治愈或缓解病情。辅助化疗和放疗也可缓解症状并延长生存期。
