Gibbs E P, Greiner E C
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Aug-Nov;17(3-4):207-20. doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90044-2.
The perception that bluetongue virus (BTV), once introduced to a country, would decimate its sheep industry, grew from the acceptance in the late 1950s that it was an emerging virus with Africa as its source. Epidemiological studies in the 1960s and early 1970s confirmed that the geographic distribution of BTV infections included regions of the world, outside the traditionally defined areas where BT was observed. This was interpreted at the time as representing serious and rapid spread of the virus. This review provides evidence to rebut this earlier view. What has emerged through the 1980s is: (a) the recognition that BTV is a common infection of ruminant livestock throughout the tropics and sub-tropics apparently within several separate ecosystems; (b) in most areas of the world, infection is sub-clinical; (c) incursions of virus (with accompanying disease) into temperate climates do occur at certain key locations, but "die out" usually within the same year; (d) recognition of the vector competence of Culicoides spp in the different ecosystems of the world is critical for understanding the epidemiology of disease; (e) persistent infection in ruminants is no longer considered important in the long term perpetuation of the virus.
曾经有一种观念认为，蓝舌病病毒（BTV）一旦传入一个国家，就会使其绵羊产业遭受重创。这种观念源于20世纪50年代末人们开始接受它是一种起源于非洲的新兴病毒。20世纪60年代和70年代初的流行病学研究证实，BTV感染的地理分布涵盖了世界上一些地区，这些地区并非传统上定义的观察到蓝舌病的区域。当时这被解释为该病毒的严重且快速传播。本综述提供了反驳这一早期观点的证据。20世纪80年代出现的情况是：（a）认识到BTV在整个热带和亚热带地区的反刍家畜中是一种常见感染，显然存在于几个不同的生态系统中；（b）在世界大多数地区，感染是亚临床的；（c）病毒（伴随疾病）确实会在某些关键地点侵入温带气候地区，但通常会在同一年内“消失”；（d）认识到世界不同生态系统中库蠓属的媒介能力对于理解疾病的流行病学至关重要；（e）从长期来看，反刍动物的持续感染在病毒的长期存续中不再被认为是重要的。
