Rafnsson V, Gunnarsdóttir H
Department of Occupational Medicine, Administration of Occupational Safety and Health, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Aug;23(4):730-6. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.4.730.
The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the mortality of Icelandic seamen with particular reference to cancer deaths.
In all 27,884 seamen, both fishermen and sailors of the merchant fleet, who had been members of a pension fund between 1958 and 1986 were followed-up.
Most standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were greater than 1:1.26 for all causes, 1.13 for all malignant neoplasms, 1.80 for liver cancer, 1.19 for stomach cancer, 1.56 for lung cancer, and 1.21 for kidney cancer. The highest SMR was found for unknown causes, 3.16. There was no 'healthy worker effect'. For most causes of death latency time and mortality were strongly correlated. When analysing the relation between duration of employment and mortality a correlation was found for all-causes and for stomach cancer; however, this was not statistically significant.
Seamen have an unusual mortality pattern and the excess for unknown causes is a rare finding indicating a peculiar situation for this group. The excess of stomach and lung cancer was high but it was not convincingly related to duration of employment and thus a relationship to occupation cannot be confirmed.
这项队列研究的目的是评估冰岛海员的死亡率，尤其关注癌症死亡情况。
对1958年至1986年间曾是一个养老基金成员的27884名海员进行了随访，这些海员包括渔民和商船船员。
所有原因导致的大多数标准化死亡比（SMR）大于1:1.26，所有恶性肿瘤导致的为1.13，肝癌导致的为1.80，胃癌导致的为1.19，肺癌导致的为1.56，肾癌导致的为1.21。未知原因导致的SMR最高，为3.16。不存在“健康工人效应”。对于大多数死亡原因，潜伏期和死亡率密切相关。在分析就业时长与死亡率之间的关系时，发现所有原因及胃癌导致的存在相关性；然而，这在统计学上并不显著。
海员有异常的死亡模式，未知原因导致的死亡率过高是一个罕见发现，表明该群体情况特殊。胃癌和肺癌的死亡率过高，但与就业时长的关联并不令人信服，因此无法确定与职业的关系。
