Kohno K
Department of Environmental Health, Jichi Medical School.
Sangyo Igaku. 1994 Mar;36(2):124-30. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.36.2_124.
In Japan "the Regulation on the Prevention of Lead Poisoning" and "the Regulation on the Prevention of Organic Solvent Poisoning" were partially amended in 1989 to introduce biological monitoring in the special medical examinations of workers exposed to lead and 8 organic solvents (toluene, xylene, styrene, N,N-dimethylformamide, n-hexane, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene). Since many companies entrust these medical examinations to the Occupational Health Organizations (OHOs), a survey of OHOs which collect blood and urine samples for biological monitoring was made in August 1992, to ascertain the actual status of their activities from April of 1991 to March of 1992. The following findings were obtained through this survey. 1) One hundred and eighty-six OHOs collected 129,996 blood samples to measure the concentration of lead, and the median number of samples collected per organization was 356. 2) Thirty-nine OHOs (21.0%; Group A) measured all samples in their own laboratories. The number of samples measured was 55,462 (42.7%). However, 133 OHOs (71.5%; Group B) entrusted the measurement of all samples to registered laboratories. 3) The median number of samples collected by OHOs in Group A was 1,121, and the median number of Group B was 211. 4) One hundred and eighty-three OHOs collected 126,915 urine samples to measure the concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid and the median number of samples collected per organization was 358. 5) The blood samples as well as the urine samples were divided into three groups according to the levels of lead or delta-aminolevulinic acid concentration. The concentration is relatively low in Group 1 and relatively high in Group 3. The cut-off values for this classification are legally set in the Regulation on the Prevention of Lead Poisoning. The frequency of each group was as follows: lead (Group 1; 93.8%, Group 2; 4.9%, Group 3; 1.3%), delta-aminolevulinic acid (Group 1; 96.8%, Group 2; 3.1%, Group 3; 0.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在日本，《预防铅中毒条例》和《预防有机溶剂中毒条例》于1989年进行了部分修订，以便在对接触铅和8种有机溶剂（甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、N，N - 二甲基甲酰胺、正己烷、四氯乙烯、1，1，1 - 三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯）的工人进行的特殊医学检查中引入生物监测。由于许多公司将这些医学检查委托给职业健康组织（OHOs），因此于1992年8月对收集血液和尿液样本进行生物监测的OHOs进行了一项调查，以确定其在1991年4月至1992年3月期间的实际活动状况。通过这次调查获得了以下结果。1）186个OHOs共采集了129,996份血液样本以测量铅浓度，每个组织采集样本的中位数为356份。2）39个OHOs（21.0%；A组）在自己的实验室中检测所有样本。检测的样本数量为55,462份（42.7%）。然而，133个OHOs（71.5%；B组）将所有样本的检测委托给注册实验室。3）A组OHOs采集样本的中位数为1,121份，B组为211份。4）183个OHOs采集了126,915份尿液样本以测量δ - 氨基乙酰丙酸浓度，每个组织采集样本的中位数为358份。5）血液样本和尿液样本根据铅或δ - 氨基乙酰丙酸浓度水平分为三组。第1组浓度相对较低，第3组相对较高。这种分类的临界值在《预防铅中毒条例》中有法定规定。每组的频率如下：铅（第1组；93.8%，第2组；4.9%，第3组；1.3%），δ - 氨基乙酰丙酸（第1组；96.8%，第2组；3.1%，第3组；0.2%）。（摘要截选至250字）
