Ogata M, Numano T, Hosokawa M, Michitsuji H
Kawasaki Univ. Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Jun 20;199(1-2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05496-x.
Data from the large-scale biological monitoring program in Japan were assembled and analyzed and the following results were obtained. All workers handling lead and eight kinds of major organic solvents received physical examinations and biological monitoring at the same time. Therefore, the number of workers handling industrial chemicals and that received physical examinations and the number of workers been examined by biological monitorings were similar to each other. The total number of cases examined from 1989 to 1994 was about 661,000 for lead in the blood and about 4,173,000 for the urinary metabolites of eight organic solvents. The results were classified into three categories and category 3 consists of workers having exposure concentrations above the 1988-1989 biological exposure indices of the ACGIH with the exception of lead concentration in the blood where the limit in Japan was set at 40 micrograms/100 ml. The percentage of exposed workers in category 3 was 1.4% for blood lead and 0.2-2.4% for the urinary metabolites of the eight organic solvents. The percentage of exposed workers in category 3 for blood lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid, urinary mandelic acid, N-methylformamide and 2,5-hexanedione in the urine has decreased with time. In ambient monitoring, the percentage of workplaces in classification 3 for lead and styrene also has decreased with time.
日本大规模生物监测项目的数据被汇总并分析，得出以下结果。所有接触铅和八种主要有机溶剂的工人同时接受了体格检查和生物监测。因此，接触工业化学品并接受体格检查的工人数量与接受生物监测的工人数量相近。1989年至1994年期间，血铅检测的总病例数约为66.1万例，八种有机溶剂尿代谢物检测的总病例数约为417.3万例。结果分为三类，第3类包括接触浓度高于美国政府工业卫生学家会议1988 - 1989年生物接触指数的工人，但血铅浓度除外，日本将血铅浓度限值设定为40微克/100毫升。第3类中接触血铅的工人百分比为1.4%，八种有机溶剂尿代谢物的百分比为0.2% - 2.4%。尿中血铅、δ-氨基乙酰丙酸、尿扁桃酸、N - 甲基甲酰胺和2,5 - 己二酮第3类中接触工人的百分比随时间下降。在环境监测中，铅和苯乙烯第3类工作场所的百分比也随时间下降。
