Kawamoto T, Ohara A
Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
J UOEH. 1998 Sep 1;20(3):245-58. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.20.245.
Partial amendments to the Japanese Regulation on the Prevention of Lead Poisoning and that of Organic Solvent Poisoning were made in 1989. As a result, the measurement of blood lead and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) became indispensable items of the occupational health examination for workers who handle lead. Also, the measurement of urinary metabolites of workers who handle eight kinds of organic solvents (xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, toluene, and normal-hexane) became mandatory. The results of the biological monitoring mentioned above are classified into one of three categories, that is, distribution 1, 2 and 3, according to the concentration of the determinants. In this paper, the incidence of distribution 1, 2 and 3 of each determinant is reported and its change from 1991 to 1995 is discussed. The incidence of distribution 3 was 0.1-5.0% in each determinant. Although the ratio of distribution 1, 2 and 3 seems to have been almost the same for 5 years some determinants decreased their percentage of distribution 3. It is important to utilize the biological monitoring results for the improvement of working environments and working styles, and health management.
日本《预防铅中毒及有机溶剂中毒条例》于1989年进行了部分修订。因此，对于接触铅的工人，血铅和尿δ-氨基乙酰丙酸（δ-ALA）的检测成为职业健康检查的必备项目。此外，对接触八种有机溶剂（二甲苯、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、苯乙烯、四氯乙烯、1，1，1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、甲苯和正己烷）的工人的尿代谢物检测也成为强制性要求。上述生物监测结果根据测定物质的浓度分为三类，即分布1、2和3。本文报告了每种测定物质分布1、2和3的发生率，并讨论了其在1991年至1995年期间的变化。每种测定物质分布3的发生率为0.1-5.0%。尽管在5年里分布1、2和3的比例似乎几乎相同，但一些测定物质的分布3百分比有所下降。利用生物监测结果来改善工作环境、工作方式和健康管理非常重要。
