Milota V C, Widau A A, McMickell M R, Juola J F, Simpson G B
Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-2336, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1997 May;25(3):333-44. doi: 10.3758/bf03211289.
The present study investigated strategic variation in reliance on phonological mediation in visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, semantically related or unrelated word primes preceded word, pseudohomophone (e.g., trane), or nonpseudohomophone (e.g., trank) targets in a lexical decision task. Semantic priming effects were found for words, and response latencies to pseudohomophones were longer in related than in unrelated prime conditions. In Experiment 2, related or unrelated word primes preceded word or pseudohomophone targets. A relatedness effect was found for words, although it was significant at a 600-msec prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and not at a 200-msec SOA. There was no relatedness effect for pseudohomophones. Experiment 3 was a replication of Experiment 2, except that pseudohomophones were replaced by nonpseudohomophonic orthographic controls. Facilitation effects for related target words were greater in Experiment 3 than in Experiment 2. The results reflect apparent variations in the expectation that a related prime reliably indicates that a target is a word. Although reliance on phonological mediation might be strategically contingent, there could be a brief time period in which phonologically mediated lexical access occurs automatically. Whether phonological information is maintained or suppressed subsequently depends on its overall usefulness for the task.
本研究调查了视觉单词识别中对语音中介依赖的策略性变化。在实验1中，在词汇判断任务中，语义相关或不相关的单词启动项先于单词、假同音异形词（如trane）或非假同音异形词（如trank）目标出现。在单词方面发现了语义启动效应，并且在相关启动条件下对假同音异形词的反应潜伏期比不相关启动条件下更长。在实验2中，相关或不相关的单词启动项先于单词或假同音异形词目标出现。在单词方面发现了相关性效应，尽管它在启动项 - 目标刺激起始异步时间（SOA）为600毫秒时显著，而在200毫秒的SOA时不显著。对于假同音异形词没有相关性效应。实验3是实验2的重复，只是将假同音异形词替换为非假同音异形的正字法对照。在实验3中，相关目标单词的促进效应比实验2中更大。结果反映出在相关启动项可靠地表明目标是一个单词的预期方面存在明显变化。尽管对语音中介的依赖可能是策略性的，但可能存在一个短暂的时间段，在此期间语音介导的词汇通达会自动发生。随后语音信息是被保留还是被抑制取决于其对任务的整体有用性。
