Kinney D K, Yurgelun-Todd D A, Waternaux C M, Matthysse S
Laboratories for Psychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178.
Schizophr Res. 1994 Apr;12(1):63-73. doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(94)90085-x.
Numerous studies have reported that both obstetrical complications (OCs) and deficits on the Trail Making Test show elevated prevalences in schizophrenics. Trail Making deficits have also been reported to be more common in schizophrenics' relatives than in controls, suggesting poor Trail Making performance may be a behavioral indicator of a familial risk factor for schizophrenia. Few studies, however, have investigated how these two variables co-vary in samples of schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics. In this study, DSM-III-R diagnoses, OCs noted in birth records, and Trail Making performance were independently assessed in 30 subjects: 9 schizophrenics, 8 of their non-schizophrenic siblings, and 13 comparison subjects with neither a personal nor a family history of schizophrenia. Results supported two key predictions of a two-factor etiologic model of schizophrenia: (a) the combination of perinatal OCs and poor Trail Making performance discriminated schizophrenics extremely well from non-schizophrenics, including their own non-schizophrenic sibs, and (b) perinatal OCs and Trail Making errors manifested a significant inverse association among schizophrenics' non-schizophrenic sibs, but not among other subjects.
大量研究报告称，产科并发症（OCs）和连线测验缺陷在精神分裂症患者中均有较高的患病率。也有报告称，连线测验缺陷在精神分裂症患者亲属中比在对照组中更常见，这表明连线测验表现不佳可能是精神分裂症家族风险因素的行为指标。然而，很少有研究调查这两个变量在精神分裂症患者和非精神分裂症患者样本中是如何共同变化的。在本研究中，对30名受试者独立评估了DSM-III-R诊断、出生记录中记录的OCs以及连线测验表现：9名精神分裂症患者、8名他们的非精神分裂症兄弟姐妹以及13名既无个人精神分裂症病史也无家族精神分裂症病史的对照受试者。结果支持了精神分裂症双因素病因模型的两个关键预测：（a）围产期OCs和连线测验表现不佳的组合能很好地区分精神分裂症患者与非精神分裂症患者，包括他们自己的非精神分裂症兄弟姐妹；（b）围产期OCs和连线测验错误在精神分裂症患者的非精神分裂症兄弟姐妹中呈显著负相关，但在其他受试者中并非如此。
