Andress E R, Campbell J B
West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte 69101.
J Econ Entomol. 1994 Jun;87(3):714-22. doi: 10.1093/jee/87.3.714.
Fly pupal parasitoids, primarily Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders and Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, purchased from commercial insectaries, failed to reduce numbers of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), significantly despite weekly releases of high numbers at one feedlot and one dairy during 1990 and a different feedlot and dairy in 1991. Parasitoid emergence from stable fly puparia were not significantly greater in the confinements where releases were made compared with confinements where no releases were made. The level of parasitism increased at all four confinements during and following parasitoid releases. Shipments of parasitoids contained neither the number requested or the species purity that had been anticipated. Both quantity and quality of parasitoids improved the second year of the research. The most numerous naturally occurring parasitoid species were also present at a new, relatively isolated feedlot by mid-July.
从商业昆虫饲养场购买的蝇蛹寄生蜂，主要是猛突隐尾蠊（Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders）和黑腹斯氏啮小蜂（Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis），尽管在1990年于一个饲养场和一个奶牛场每周大量释放，以及1991年在不同的饲养场和奶牛场大量释放，但仍未能显著减少厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)）的数量。与未释放寄生蜂的圈舍相比，在释放寄生蜂的圈舍中，从厩螫蝇蛹中羽化出的寄生蜂数量并没有显著增加。在寄生蜂释放期间及之后，所有四个圈舍中的寄生率都有所上升。所运送的寄生蜂数量既未达到要求，物种纯度也未达到预期。在研究的第二年，寄生蜂的数量和质量都有所改善。到7月中旬，在一个新的、相对孤立的饲养场中也出现了数量最多的自然寄生蜂种类。
