Gemmell E, Seymour G J
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Curr Opin Periodontol. 1994:28-38.
There is little doubt that the interaction between the host immune mechanisms and putative periodontal bacteria is fundamental in the clinical manifestations of the different forms of adult chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Recent work regarding the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils indicates that, in addition to their established protective and destructive roles, these cells may have a regulatory function in periodontal disease. Equally, emerging evidence suggests that T-cell responses in adult periodontal disease are antigen specific. Further, the migration and retention of specific T cells in the periodontal tissues appears to be related not to the expression of adhesion molecules but rather to the presence of a specific antigen. T-cell subsets are now characterized on the basis of their cytokine profiles. Type 1 T cells produce interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, whereas type 2 T cells produce interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. A hypothesis based on this characterization of T cells is presented. According to this hypothesis, susceptible subjects have a type 2 response, whereas nonsusceptible subjects respond predominantly with type 1 T cells. The possible role of interleukin-12 in controlling this response is highlighted, thus demonstrating the marriage of innate and adaptive immune responses in adult periodontal disease.
毫无疑问，宿主免疫机制与假定的牙周细菌之间的相互作用在不同形式的成人慢性炎症性牙周病的临床表现中起着根本性作用。最近关于多形核中性粒细胞功能的研究表明，除了其既定的保护和破坏作用外，这些细胞在牙周病中可能具有调节功能。同样，新出现的证据表明，成人牙周病中的T细胞反应具有抗原特异性。此外，特定T细胞在牙周组织中的迁移和滞留似乎与黏附分子的表达无关，而与特定抗原的存在有关。现在根据细胞因子谱对T细胞亚群进行分类。1型T细胞产生白细胞介素-2和干扰素-γ，而2型T细胞产生白细胞介素-4和白细胞介素-10。提出了基于这种T细胞特征的假说。根据这一假说，易感个体有2型反应，而不易感个体主要以1型T细胞做出反应。强调了白细胞介素-12在控制这种反应中的可能作用，从而证明了成人牙周病中固有免疫反应和适应性免疫反应的结合。
