OSTEOimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, FOB/USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75 CEP 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
J Dent Res. 2010 Dec;89(12):1349-63. doi: 10.1177/0022034510376402. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
Periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic infectious inflammatory diseases characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, being the presence of periodontopathogens required, but not sufficient, for disease development. As a general rule, host inflammatory mediators have been associated with tissue destruction, while anti-inflammatory mediators counteract and attenuate disease progression. With the discovery of several T-cell subsets bearing distinct immunoregulatory properties, this pro- vs. anti-inflammatory scenario became more complex, and a series of studies has hypothesized protective or destructive roles for Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subpopulations of polarized lymphocytes. Interestingly, the "protective vs. destructive" archetype is usually considered in a framework related to tissue destruction and disease progression. However, it is important to remember that periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory conditions, and recent studies have demonstrated that cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) considered harmful in the context of tissue destruction play important roles in the control of periodontal infection. Therefore, in this review, the state-of-the-art knowledge concerning the protective and destructive roles of host inflammatory immune response will be critically evaluated and discussed from the tissue destruction and control-of-infection viewpoints.
牙周病（PD）是一种慢性感染性炎症性疾病，其特征为支持牙齿的结构遭到破坏，虽然牙周病病原体的存在是疾病发展所必需的，但却并不充分。通常情况下，宿主炎症介质与组织破坏有关，而抗炎介质则可对抗和减轻疾病进展。随着对具有不同免疫调节特性的 T 细胞亚群的发现，这种促炎与抗炎的情况变得更加复杂，一系列研究假设了极化淋巴细胞的 Th1、Th2、Th17 和 Treg 亚群具有保护或破坏性作用。有趣的是，“保护与破坏”的原型通常被认为与组织破坏和疾病进展有关。然而，值得记住的是，牙周病是一种感染性炎症性疾病，最近的研究表明，在组织破坏的背景下被认为有害的细胞因子（TNF-α 和 IFN-γ）在控制牙周感染方面发挥着重要作用。因此，在这篇综述中，将从组织破坏和感染控制的角度，批判性地评估和讨论宿主炎症免疫反应的保护和破坏作用的最新知识。
