Wind T W, Silvern L
University of Colorado at Boulder 90309.
Child Abuse Negl. 1994 May;18(5):439-53. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90029-9.
Child abuse is known to be associated with a variety of adult psychological difficulties. However, the level and types of such difficulties may be influenced by variation in other nonabusive aspects of the child-rearing context. This study examines whether variation in perceived parental warmth and in nonabusive family stressors influenced the strength of relationships of women's psychological difficulties to their childhood sexual and/or physical abuse. Child abuse, family stress histories, and perceived parental warmth, as well as current psychological functioning was gathered from a community sample of 259 working women. Perceived parental warmth, childhood stress, and abuse were each separately associated with current functioning. However, as expected, multiple regression analyses showed that parental warmth strongly influenced or mediated the relationship of intrafamilial child abuse to depression and self-esteem levels. In contrast, abuse was associated to PTSD independently of variation in perceived parenting. Finally, parenting mediated initial relationships of childhood stress to each of the adjustment measures. The Discussion focuses on the possibility that there may be several developmental pathways that lead to the array of symptoms associated with child abuse. Some symptoms, such as PTSD, may be most influenced by the abuse itself, while others, such as depression, and low self-esteem may be more impacted by lack of parental warmth. Treatment implications are discussed.
众所周知，虐待儿童与成年人的各种心理问题有关。然而，这些问题的程度和类型可能会受到育儿环境中其他非虐待方面差异的影响。本研究探讨了感知到的父母温暖程度和非虐待性家庭压力源的差异是否会影响女性心理问题与其童年性虐待和/或身体虐待之间关系的强度。从259名职业女性的社区样本中收集了虐待儿童情况、家庭压力史、感知到的父母温暖程度以及当前的心理功能状况。感知到的父母温暖程度、童年压力和虐待分别与当前的心理功能状况相关。然而，正如预期的那样，多元回归分析表明，父母温暖程度强烈影响或介导了家庭内儿童虐待与抑郁和自尊水平之间的关系。相比之下，虐待与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的关联独立于感知到的养育方式的差异。最后，养育方式介导了童年压力与各项适应措施之间的初始关系。讨论部分聚焦于可能存在多种发展路径导致与虐待儿童相关的一系列症状的可能性。一些症状，如创伤后应激障碍，可能受虐待本身的影响最大，而其他症状，如抑郁和低自尊，可能更受缺乏父母温暖的影响。文中还讨论了治疗意义。
