McDonald-Miszczak L, Hunter M A, Hultsch D F
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, B.C., Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1994 Mar;48(1):95-118. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.48.1.95.
Two experiments addressed the effects of task information and experience on younger and older adults' ability to predict their memory for words. The first study examined the effects of normative task information on subjects' predictions for 30-word lists across three trials. The second study looked at the effects of making predictions and recalling either an easy (15) or a difficult (45) word list prior to making predictions and recalling a moderately difficult (30) word list. The results from both studies showed that task information and experience affected subjects' predictions and that elderly adults predicted their performance more accurately than younger adults.
两项实验探讨了任务信息和经验对年轻人及年长者预测其单词记忆能力的影响。第一项研究考察了规范性任务信息对受试者在三个试验中对30个单词列表预测的影响。第二项研究则观察了在预测和回忆一个中等难度（30个单词）的单词列表之前，先对一个简单（15个单词）或困难（45个单词）的单词列表进行预测和回忆所产生的影响。两项研究的结果均表明，任务信息和经验会影响受试者的预测，且老年人比年轻人能更准确地预测自己的表现。
