Kliegl R, Lindenberger U
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 May;19(3):617-37. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.3.617.
A model for correct recall and intrusions in cued recall of word lists is introduced. Intrusions are false responses that were correct in an earlier list. The model assumes 3 exclusive states for memory traces after encoding: with a list tag (i.e., with information about list origin), without list tags, and missing. Across lists, a trace can lose its list tag or its content. For retrieval, an optimal strategy of response selection was assumed. Younger and older laboratory-trained mnemonists participated in 2 experiments in which recall of permutations of a single word list across a single set of cues was held constant with individually adjusted presentation times. With correct recall equated to younger adults, older adults were more susceptible to intrusions. Age differences were restricted to model parameters estimating the probability of generation of list tags. Alternative accounts of age differences in context memory are discussed.
本文介绍了一种用于单词列表线索回忆中正确回忆和错误回忆的模型。错误回忆是指在较早列表中正确的错误反应。该模型假设编码后记忆痕迹有三种互斥状态：带有列表标签（即带有关于列表来源的信息）、没有列表标签和缺失。在不同列表中，一个痕迹可能会丢失其列表标签或内容。对于检索，假设了一种最优的反应选择策略。年轻和年长的经过实验室训练的记忆专家参与了两项实验，在实验中，通过单独调整呈现时间，使单个单词列表的排列在单组线索下的回忆保持恒定。在正确回忆等同于年轻人的情况下，老年人更容易出现错误回忆。年龄差异仅限于估计列表标签生成概率的模型参数。文中还讨论了情境记忆中年龄差异的其他解释。
