Lachman M E, Steinberg E S, Trotter S D
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254.
Psychol Aging. 1987 Sep;2(3):266-71. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.2.3.266.
Individual differences in memory performance among elderly adults be due, in part to variability in personality and metamemory variables. We examined whether control beliefs, attributions, and depression were related to memory self-assessments, performance, and change in these variables across two trials. Participants were 47 elderly adults (M age = 69.72 years). Results of multiple regression analyses were consistent with predictions. Those individuals with stronger internal control beliefs made higher self-assessments at the first trial. Those who made higher assessments and those younger in age had higher performance at the first trial. Those with higher performance at the first trial and those who attributed this performance to internal, stable, and global causes were less likely to show decrements in self-assessments and performance across trials. Implications of the findings for enhancing memory performance are discussed.
老年人在记忆表现上的个体差异，部分原因可能在于个性和元记忆变量的变异性。我们研究了控制信念、归因和抑郁是否与记忆自我评估、表现以及这两个试验中这些变量的变化有关。参与者为47名老年人（平均年龄 = 69.72岁）。多元回归分析结果与预测一致。那些内部控制信念较强的个体在第一次试验时进行了更高的自我评估。那些进行了更高评估且年龄较小的人在第一次试验时表现更高。那些在第一次试验时表现较高且将这种表现归因于内部、稳定和整体原因的人，在两次试验中自我评估和表现下降的可能性较小。讨论了这些发现对提高记忆表现的意义。
