Hovi T
Enterovirus Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Finland.
Public Health Rev. 1993;21(1-2):11-25.
Global eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis is feasible since the causative agents, three serotypes of poliovirus, have no other natural host species and since the vaccines developed against poliomyelitis are highly effective. The WHO program for 'Global Eradication of Paralytic Poliomyelitis by the Year 2000' has made great progress during the last few years. Yet, more than 100,000 new cases of the disease still occur annually in the world. In Europe, paralytic poliomyelitis is a rare disease but appears to persist in restricted areas and occurs at a very low incidence in several European countries, mostly as an imported entity. Importation of wild polioviruses to Europe will continue as long as endemic circulation of the viruses is taking place somewhere in the world. Attention has to be paid to improve the surveillance of both suspected clinical cases and of putative wild poliovirus circulation in the population. In several Eastern European countries political and economic turbulence may endanger the maintenance of immunization programs. International collaboration is needed to prevent reestablishment of indigenous poliovirus circulation in these regions.
全球根除麻痹性脊髓灰质炎是可行的，因为致病原——三种血清型的脊髓灰质炎病毒——没有其他天然宿主物种，而且针对脊髓灰质炎研发的疫苗非常有效。世界卫生组织的“到2000年全球根除麻痹性脊髓灰质炎”计划在过去几年中取得了巨大进展。然而，全球每年仍有超过10万例新发病例。在欧洲，麻痹性脊髓灰质炎是一种罕见疾病，但似乎在某些特定地区持续存在，并且在几个欧洲国家以非常低的发病率出现，大多是输入性病例。只要世界上某个地方仍存在野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的地方性传播，病毒输入欧洲的情况就会持续。必须注意加强对疑似临床病例以及人群中假定的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播情况的监测。在几个东欧国家，政治和经济动荡可能危及免疫规划的维持。需要开展国际合作以防止这些地区重新出现本土脊髓灰质炎病毒传播。
